MSSRP Projects (2008) |
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2008 Medical Student Summer Research Program projects are listed as received by the Office for Research. Please note that the MSSRP is open only to UVA medical students. Check back for additional projects in the coming weeks. |
Department: Surgery
Phone: 2-3549
Title: Clinical "war games"
Abstract: We conduct research on medical decision making using the "war games" simulation format we developed. This involves the presentation of clinical cases to students and residents with evaluation of their responses in a defined structure. The student will help in the design of clinical simulations, administration of these sessions, analysis of responses, and statistical interpretation of results. We feel this experience will enhance research and clinical knowledge.
Faculty: James Forrest Calland, MD
Department: Surgery
Phone: 2-4278
Title: Sleep, Ventilator Weaning, and Infections after Critical Illness
Abstract: A newly forming research collaboration between the University of Virginia's Departments of Surgery (Trauma / Surgical Care), Neurology, and Pulmonology (Medical Critical Care) seeks to investigate the interactions between sleep cycles and the rate of vent weaning after critical illness. Research assistants working on this project will gain exposure to a critically ill patients population by performing patient observations, compiling data, and helping investigators to develop a tool to measure the quantity and quality of sleep in patients int he Surgical/ Trauma Intensive Care Unit.
Faculty: Ian Glomski, PhD
Department: Microbiology
Phone: 4-2812
Title: Sensing and Responding to Corporal Microenvironments by Bacillus anthracis
Abstract: Our lab is interested in identifying and characterizing virulence determinants in Bacillus anthracis pathogenesis. We recently developed a bioluminescent infection model of anthrax in mice that allows monitoring of the growth and dissemination of B. anthracis in real-time and space. Please Google search "Ian Glomski PLoS" for more details. One interesting observation was that bacteria expressing luminescence under the control of a toxin promoter did not produce light in the liver, despite their presence in high numbers. Furthermore, luminescent B. anthracis directly injected were luminescent in the liver and bioluminescent Listeria monocytogenes emit light from within the liver, indicating that the liver per se does not prevent the emission of light. Does B. anthracis "know" that it is in the liver and respond by turning off toxin production for an evolutionary advantage? We hypothesize that the toxin promoter is not expressed in the liver (and potentially other corporal locations), implying that the bacteria can sense where they reside within the body and can react accordingly. The proposed MSSRP project will address this hypothesis through the construction of B. anthracis with bioluminescence controlled by different promoters; including constitutive, stress induced, sporulation associated, and virulence related promoters. These strains will be examined in the mouse model of infection to determine where and when the bacteria turn these respective genes on or off within particular locations in the body of the mouse to determine if indeed B. anthracis react to microenvironments during infection.
Faculty: Margaret Plews-Ogan, MD
Department: Division of General Internal Medicine
Phone: 4-1685
Title: Appreciative inquiry at the University of Virginia. (2 students requested)(1 slot filled)
Abstract: Appreciative Inquiry (AI) is an organizational change model that identifies the "positive core" of an organization in order to create more of these strong attributes. The work is based on narratives gathered through recorded interviews, in which members (e.g. faculty, health care providers, residents, patients) tell stories of times when work, learning, teaching, or care went especially well. These narratives are analyzed to describe a particular organization "at its best," and this serves as a foundation for positive change. AI at UVA is an initiative jointly sponsored by the Health Center and the School of Medicine; it is lead by a multidisciplinary team of faculty. The student(s) will work closely with the Project Coordinator.
Students will be asked to conduct multiple (up to 75) 15-30 minute interviews for one of three projects related to medical education, patient care, and patient safety. We will make every effort to ensure that the project reflects the students' interests. This is an exciting opportunity for individuals interested in exposure to and experience in the broad characteristics of medical education and patient care. Please contact Natalie May (appreciate@virginia.edu) with any questions.
Faculty: W. Michael Scheld
Department: Infectious Diseases & International Health
Phone: 4-9678
Title: Therapeutic Studies in Mixed Bacterial Sepsis - Using rodent models, examine the effects of several therapeutic applications against mixed microbial sepsis.
Abstract: A willingness to work late nights and long hours with a seasoned team and perform all tasks from laboratory cleaning to hands on experimentation and analyte quantification at the picogram level. We will instruct you as needed in techniques including but not limited to animal handling, quantitative bacteriology, multi-cytokine analysis, possible microscopy and histology, data collection and data analysis. Your work will be cutting edge research under our direct supervision. You must be registered for animal handling and BSL-2 work just prior to reporting to work. We will assist you.
Faculty: W. Michael Scheld
Department: Infectious Diseases & International Health
Phone: 4-9678
Title: Studies in rodent models of late-stage anthrax - Using rodent models, examine the effects of several therapeutic applications against late stage anthrax.
Abstract: A willingness to work late nights and long hours with a seasoned team and perform all tasks from laboratory cleaning to hands on experimentation and analyte quantification at the picogram level. We will instruct you as needed in techniques including but not limited to animal handling, quantitative bacteriology, multi-cytokine analysis, possible microscopy and histology, data collection and data analysis. Your work will be cutting edge research under our direct supervision. You must be registered for animal handling and BSL-2 work just prior to reporting to work. We will assist you.
With suitable candidates, in the past we have twice successfully combined the projects for a team effort with special interests for each participant. Medical Student references will be freely given to you after preliminary interviews. We will decide on acceptance after hearing from all interested students.
Faculty: Bernard F. Schneider, MD, PhD
Department: Radiation Oncology
Phone: 4-5564
Title: Prostate cancer control using radioactive seed implants
Abstract: This is a continuing project to determine what percentage of patients with clinically localized prostate cancer are cured with seed implants, and how this relates to dosimetric parameters of the implant. Serial PSA values will be correlated with implant doses.
Faculty: Lisa M. Pastore
Department: OB/GYN
Phone: 4-9921
Title: Women's Health Questionnaires
Abstract: The OB/GYN Department has been conducting an NIH-funded clinical trial "Influence of Acupuncture on Reproductive Hormones" (http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/clinical_trials/detail.cfm?trial_id=12045). This is a randomized, triple blinded, clinical trial on the effect of acupuncture on the hormones of women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). As part of the study protocol, we offer women 6 questionnaires at 3 different points in time (before and after 8 weeks of study treatments, and again after a 3 month follow up). The questionnaires cover demographics, depression, sexuality, self-esteem, body image, and PCOS-specific symptoms. The summer internship involves data analysis of the questionnaire data and background research (literature reviews). The intern will write portions of the scientific paper relevant to the results and will be a co-author. Data analysis skills are a requirement.
Faculty: Lee Ritterband, PhD
Department: Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences
Phone: 4-5988
Title: Exploration and examination of data sets utilizing the Internet to deliver behavioral-medical treatment
Abstract: Our research team has recently completed data collection on two NIH funded projects in which the Internet was utilized in the deliverance of treatment. The two "Internet intervention" treatments focused on adult insomnia and pediatric encopresis. Data collected includes medical, behavioral, psychological, cognitive functioning, cost, and many other variables of interest. The adult insomnia project was funded by NIMH and included 44 patients randomized to an experimental and control condition. Pre and post data has been collected and 9 month follow-up data is currently being collected. To learn more about the SHUTi project, go to http://www.interest.shuti.net/. The pediatric encopresis project was funded by NICHD and includes 95 families with a child with encopresis. This was a national trial with patients recruited through pediatricians and psychologists. More information on this project can be found at http://www.interest.ucanpooptoo.com/. The primary goal of this summer project would be to encourage hypotheses generation given the projects completed and to then write up a manuscript for publication based on the findings. This would include conducting a literature review, data analysis, and result and discussion writing. This would be an excellent experience for those interested in academic medicine, particularly those with an interest in clinical research.
Faculty: Catherine C. Hedrick, PhD
Department: Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine)
Phone: 2-4065
Title: ABCG1, Cholesterol Metabolism, and Diabetes
Abstract: My laboratory has a long-standing interest in studying early events associated with acceleration of diabetic atherosclerosis. A major research focus of my laboratory centers on macrophages, cholesterol metabolism, and ABC transporters. Recently, we discovered that ABCG1 expression was reduced in type 2 diabetic macrophages, and that this reduction in ABCG1 directly impacted the cholesteryl ester content of macrophages in the artery wall. Subsequently, one aspect of our research has been to link diabetes, ABCG1, and cholesterol metabolism. The MSSRP project centers on the role of ABCG1 in pancreatic beta cells and how impaired ABCG1 function leads to beta cell dysfunction. The pancreatic beta cell plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of both type I and type II diabetes. One of the mechanisms of beta cell dysfunction is now referred to as glucolipotoxicity. This term comes from the observation that beta cell lipotoxicity requires hyperglycemia. A new role is now emerging for cholesterol homeostasis in beta cell function, but no work to-date has examined the role of ABCG1 in the beta cell. We have recently discovered that ABCG1-deficient mice have impaired glucose tolerance with normal insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, isolated islets from these mice show increased rates of cell death. The hypothesis to be directly tested in this research project is that the beta cell dysfunction in ABCG1-deficient mice is due to beta cell cholesterol accumulation.
Faculty: Wendy J Lynch, PhD
Department: Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences
Phone: 3-0580
Title: Mediating Cocaine Reinforcement
Abstract: While considerable evidence from studies with male animals implicates mesolimbic dopamine (DA) pathways in mediating cocaine reinforcement, particularly following short access (ShA) self-administration, it is becoming apparent that other mechanisms are involved in cocaine reinforcement following extended access (ExA) self-administration. Specifically, in addition to DA, it has been proposed the dysregulated glutamatergic signaling may be differentially involved in modulating cocaine reinforcement and reinstatement and that its role may become progressively more prominent with the level of exposure. Although there is evidence demonstrating sex and ovarian hormone modulation of cortico-mesolimbic DAergic signaling following ShA exposure, very little information is available on sex differences in DAergic signaling following ExA exposure or on sex differences in glutamatergic signaling following either ShA or ExA cocaine exposure. Thus, in this project we will test the hypothesis that the DAergic and glutamatergic processes that mediate cocaine reinforcement vary as a function of sex, hormones, and stage of addiction.
Faculty: Christopher R Holstege, MD
Department: Emergency Medicine
Phone: 4-5185
Title: Metabolic and Molecular responses of Primary Rat Cardiomyocytes to Acute Calcium Channel Blocker Toxicity and High Dose Insulin Therapy.
Abstract: CCBs account for 40% of the deaths associated with cardiovascular medication toxicity. Calcium channel blocker (CCB) poisoning causes toxicity by two primary recognized mechanisms: inhibition of calcium influx through L-type calcium channels in muscle and inhibition of insulin release from pancreatic islet cells. These combined effects result in diminished contractility and marked hyperglycemia. If inhibited pancreatic release of insulin were the sole mechanism of CCB-induced hyperglycemia, then standard infusions of insulin would correct CCB-induced hyperglycemia. Rather, high dose insulin therapy (HDIT) is required, often without the need for concomitant glucose infusions. Research from our laboratory demonstrates that verapamil inhibits glucose uptake in adipocytes, peripheral fast and slow twitch muscles. Our studies in adipocytes suggest that these effects are reversed by HDIT and partially regulated through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway. However, the effect of toxicity of various CCBs on glucose utilization in cardiomyocytes has not been clearly explored. The OBJECTIVE for the SUMMER MEDICAL RESEARCH PROJECT is to establish an ex vivo adult rat cardiomyocyte (ARC) model to examine glucose metabolism, insulin-dependent signal transduction, lipid signal transduction and GLUT trafficking events.
Department: Pathology
Phone: 4-2275
Title: A Retrospective Study of Blood Product Usage In The Last Year of Life (HSR #13567)
Abstract: Studies have demonstrated that up to 30% of health care funded by Medicare is provided in the last year of life. The proposed study outlined below investigates whether blood component transfusion is similarly weighted toward end-of-life care. The study will also investigate whether certain patient groups disproportionately contribute to blood component usage in the last year of life. Only University of Virginia Health System Records will be examined.The study will be conducted as follows. A list of all patients transfused in 2004 will be generated using the LIS. The following information will be obtained
1) Patient Name, 2) MRN, 3) Age, 4) Sex, 5) Components used (red cells, platelets, plasma)
The list of patients, together with MRN will submitted to the Information Technology group which will provide social security number, DRG and/or ICD-9 codes. The data will be analyzed as follows. Once SSN numbers are available, the social security death index will be searched to determine which patients died within one year of transfusion. All data will be entered into a spreadsheet. The data will be analyzed as follows: 1)Percentage of blood usage that is used by patients dying within one year of transfusion.2 )Age of patients dying within one year of transfusion in comparison with total patient cohort 3)The subset of patients dying within one year of transfusion will be analyzed to determine whether certain ICD-9 codes occur disproportionately in patients dying within one year of transfusion
Faculty: Margaret Plews-Ogan, MD
Department: Division of General Medicine
Phone: 4-1685
Title: Wisdom in Medicine: Mapping the Path through Adversity to Wisdom Abstract: This project is a study of physicians and patients who have successfully faced major life challenges and who are exemplars of finding wisdom out of adversity. This project is based on the premises that: 1) People can and do gain wisdom through adversity; 2) The path people take through adversity to wisdom can be 'mapped'; 3) There are qualities, traits, or circumstances associated with the manifestation of wisdom in adversity, some of which may be especially important; and 4) Documenting these success stories will be helpful to others facing adversity. A documentary film will be made illustrating the stories of wisdom exemplars.
Students will conduct literature reviews, conduct screening interviews of chronic pain patients and physicians who have made serious medical errors and collect brief medical histories and narratives to determine if potential participants qualify for inclusion. Students will also administer psychological questionnaires and observe interviews by the investigators, potentially conducting interviews themselves.
Department: Dept of Medicine Cardiovascular Division
Phone: 3-9772
Title: ANALYSIS OF MICROBUBBLE CONSTRUCTS
Abstract: We prepare targeted microbubbles and liposomes for drug delivery and molecular imaging purposes. The project will involve quantitative assay of drug loading capability of microbubble constructs and liposomes, and ability of targeted microbubbles to attach to the target surface in the parallel plate flow chamber setting. All experiments will be performed in vitro. Methods involved will include video microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and spectrophotometry.
Faculty: W. Kline Bolton, MD
Department: Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology
Phone: 4-5124
Title: Glomerulonephritis
Abstract: Chronic kidney disease affects 1 in 9 adult patients in the United States. There are more than 20,000,000 people who have some form of chronic kidney disease. Glomerulonephritis makes up approximately 25-30% of those people. In most cases the cause of nephritis is unknown. In the model that we use the origin is indeed known and we are studying methods by which the glomerulonephritis develops and how it can be controlled.
We are studying and experimental model in animals of glomerulonephritis. This involves handling animals, obtaining blood, collecting urine, determining protein in the urine, and doing studies on blood such as ELISA. A background in science is preferred as wall as an interest in kidney disease.
Faculty: P. Preston Reynolds, MD
Department: Medicine/General Medicine, Geriatrics & Palliative Care
Phone: 2-4227
Title: Building the Foundation for the History and Promotion of Black Health Professionals
Abstract: Phase one of this project focuses on (1) creation of a comprehensive database of materials that document the history and contributions of African American health professionals in all fields of medicine, nursing, science, and public health; (2) design of course curricula in four areas; (3) development of short modules on African American health professionals for use during Black History month; and (4) annotation of the "Guide to Resources and the National Library of Medicine's Collection on the History of African Americans in Medicine".
The MSSRP student will be invited to work on any aspect of the project, to include: (1) reading and writing descriptions of key books on the history of African American health professionals, black hospitals and medical schools, and other related subjects; (2) creating a biographical database with brief descriptions of leading black physicians identified in the Journal of the National Medical Asso.; or, (3) designing a course curricula or a short module on an area of particular interest.
Faculty: Thomas Pajewski, PhD, MD
Department: Anesthesiology
Phone: 4-2283
Title: Measurement of Exhaled Breath Condensate in Patients Undergoing Surgical Procedures
Abstract: Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a safe and inexpensive method of sampling airway lining fluid that has become widely used throughout the world. EBC pH has been shown to be a stable and reliable marker of airway inflammation and we previously reported EBC pH measurements were consistent in patients immediately before and after endotracheal intubation (Vaughan, J et al. Eur Respir J 2003; 22:889-894). In addition, we have shown that in intubation and general anesthesia do not affect EBC pH in subjects without lung disease and that pronounced Ph effects seen in studies of respiratory disease relate to underlying inflammatory and biochemical pathology.
The incidence of reflux and spiration in patients undergoing surgical procedures is unknown with only the more severe forms resulting in clinical symptoms. It is believed that subclinical reflux may result in pulmonary complications in at-risk patients.
We propose to further our understanding of gastric reflux during surgical procedures by concurrently monitoring esophageal impedance and EBC in surgical patients. By combining these two monitoring methods we hope to differentiate between acid and no acid reflux that may be occurring in intubated patients under anesthesia.
Faculty: George D Politis, MD, MPH
Department: Anesthesiology
Phone: 4-9507
Title: Clinical study of the use of propofol for intubation of children without neuromuscular blockade
Abstract: This clinical study will determine the amount of propofol needed to successfully intubate the trachea of children 1-12 year olds, after sevoflurane induction, when not using neuromuscular blockade. The study will determine the dose required so that half of all patients will have excellent intubation conditions and the remainder will have less than excellent conditions (the majority of which will still have good intubation conditions). Two age groups will be examined; within each, subgroups will be defined by short vs. longer delay between sevoflurane administration and the initiation of intubation. The study will also look at the hemodynamic effects of this induction technique (heart rate, systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure).
Faculty: Brayman, Kenneth, MD
Department: Surgery
Phone: 4-9370
Title: Thymic involution/rejuvenation and its role in immune system strength and efficacy in transplantation
Abstract: Thymic involution/rejuvenation and its role in immune system strength and efficacy in transplantation(including a literature review of thymic rejuvenation/regeneration and immune education).
Faculty: Catherine C. Hedrick, PhD
Department: Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine)
Phone: 2-4065
Title: ABCG1, Cholesterol Metabolism, and Beta Cell Function in Diabetes
Abstract: My laboratory has a long-standing interest in studying early events associated with acceleration of diabetic atherosclerosis. A major research focus of my laboratory centers on macrophages, cholesterol metabolism, and ABC transporters. Recently, we discovered that ABCG1 expression was reduced in type 2 diabetic macrophages, and that this reduction in ABCG1 directly impacted the cholesteryl ester content of macrophages in the artery wall. Subsequently, one aspect of our research has been to link diabetes, ABCG1, and cholesterol metabolism. The MSSRP project centers on the role of ABCG1 in pancreatic beta cells and how impaired ABCG1 function leads to beta cell dysfunction. The pancreatic beta cell plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of both type I and type II diabetes. One of the mechanisms of beta cell dysfunction is now referred to as glucolipotoxicity. This term comes from the observation that beta cell lipotoxicity requires hyperglycemia. A new role is now emerging for cholesterol homeostasis in beta cell function, but no work to-date has examined the role of ABCG1 in the beta cell. We have recently discovered that ABCG1-deficient mice have impaired glucose tolerance with normal insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, isolated islets from these mice show increased rates of cell death. The hypothesis to be directly tested in this research project is that the beta cell dysfunction in ABCG1-deficient mice is due to beta cell cholesterol accumulation.
Faculty: Christopher M. Gaskin, MD
Department: Radiology
Phone: 4-9377
Title: MRI and radiographic imaging of normal skeletal and brain development
Abstract: The brain and skeleton both undergo significant developmental changes that take place over our first 18 years of life. These changes confound interpretation of skeletal radiographs as well as skeletal and brain MRI. There is a clinical need for atlases which chronicle these changes for radiologists and clinicians alike to aid in interpretation of what is normal and what is not. We are creating MRI atlases of normal brain myelination patterns and bone marrow maturation. Additionally, we will be revising an already published radiographic atlas of skeletal maturation. The motivated student could also participate and potentially author a paper in one of several other topics in musculoskeletal imaging if desired.
Faculty: Craig A. Peters, MD
Department: Urology/Pediatric Urology
Phone: 3-6510
Title: MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS IN FETAL RENAL OBSTRUCTION Abstract: The student would be integrated into our ongoing study of the effects of fetal urinary obstruction on the development of the kidney. We are particularly interested in the coordinate regulation of elements of the TGFß and HGF signaling axes that are thought to be counter-active in their effects on the developing kidney. Using unique models of fetal sheep obstructive uropathy developed by the PI in Boston of which histologic sections and paraffin blocks are available, we are examining the patterns of spatial and temporal change of expression of various elements of this important regulatory system using immunohistochemistry and morphological analysis. The summer student would continue this work and develop new aspects that would evaluate different levels of obstructive effect as well as performing stereological studies of the developing kidneys to assess glomerular generations and tubular growth. The necessary methods and technical aspects have been worked out and are routinely performed in our lab. The student would also have the opportunity to learn about renal and urogenital development through this project and would be able to participate in drafting research papers on this topic.
Faculty: Jeffrey S. Young, MD
Department: Surgery
Phone: 2-3549
Title: Clinical "war games"
Abstract: We conduct research on medical decision making using the "war games" simulation format we developed. This involves the presentation of clinical cases to students and residents with evaluation of their responses in a defined structure. The student will help in the design of clinical simulations, administration of these sessions, analysis of responses, and statistical interpretation of results. We feel this experience will enhance research and clinical knowledge.
Faculty: Jim B. Tucker, MD
Department: Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences
Phone: 4-2281
Title: Children who claim to remember previous lives (1 slot taken)
Abstract: Student will review case reports (including medical records, interviews, and correspondence) of children who claim to remember a previous life, with the aim of quantifying and entering the data in a codebook. Student will participate in a weekly research lunch focusing on the scientific study of unusual phenomena including near-death experiences and cases of the reincarnation type.
Faculty: Ben Peeler, MD
Department: Surgery
Phone: 3-9493
Title: Cardiac surgery in neonates, infants, children is an ever-evolving science.
Abstract: Advances in imaging technology, surgical technique and materials, and post-operative care, all have a potential impact on clinical outcome. We seek to complete and interrogate the Congenital Heart Surgery Database here at the University of Virginia. The student's role would be to first complete, validate, and de-identify the database, second to participate in the analysis of aggregate data by congenital heart lesion or other grouping, and lastly to develop/author a "white paper" describing our surgical experience in terms of volume and type of surgeries (again by lesion or other grouping), and possibly by clinical outcomes. Dr. Peeler is the surgeon responsible for most of the congenital heart cases here at the University of Virginia. Dr. Hoke is a pediatric cardiologist and trained epidemiologist interested in quality of care and clinical outcomes. Drs. Peeler and Hoke intend to support the student jointly throughout this summer project. Opportunity is available for exposure to either congenital heart surgery or pediatric cardiology here at UVa in order to facilitate the student's understanding of the clinical issues particular to our population and practice.
Faculty: Mark D. Miller, MD
Department: Orthopaedic Surgery, Sports Medicine
Phone: 3-0256
Title: Clinical follow up after failed Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
Abstract: This study recruits patients who are at least 2 years since a revision reconstruction for a failed anterior cruciate ligament surgery. Patients are evaluated clinically with a physical examination, x-ray evaluation and a thorough evaluation of thigh muscle strength.
Faculty: Gorav Ailawadi, MD
Department: Surgery
Phone: 4-5052
Title: The effect of IL-1β on smooth muscle cell phenotype during experimental aortic aneurysm formation
Abstract: The pathogenesis of aortic aneurysms (AAs) is unclear. Inflammatory cells appear to induce changes to smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and result in local production of enzymes that degrade the blood vessel wall and lead to aneurysm formation. SMCs can alter their state from that of synthesis to inflammatory. Using an elastase perfusion mouse model, we will create aortic aneurysms to test the effects of IL-1β on SMC phenotype during AA formation. We hypothesize that IL-1β downregulates SMC marker genes, creating an inflammatory phenotype. We will use unique transgenic and knockout mice to evaluate the state of SMCs in relation to AA size. The student will be intimately involved with this project. Upon completion, he/she will be competent in molecular techniques including real time PCR and western blot analysis. The student will also gain exposure to immunohistochemistry and animal microsurgery dependent on interest and time. The main goals for the student will be to perform reproducible experiments, critically interpret data, and develop follow-up research questions. Data generated from these experiments will be submitted for publication to which the student will receive credit as co-author. There may be further opportunities for the student to continue research after the summer.
Faculty: Mark J. Romness, MD
Department: Orthopaedic Surgery
Phone: 2-4214
Title: Development of Biodegradable Orthopaedic Implants
Abstract: Current strategies for bone repair include the use of autografts, allografts, metallic implants, and natural and synthetic bone graft substitutes. Each of these, however, have their limitations such as donor-site morbidity, risk of disease transmission, and poor or incomplete bone-implant integration, respectively. This project involves the development of polymeric and ceramic materials to be used as orthopaedic implants for the mechanical stability and enhanced bone-implant integration. Work on this project will span materials science, mechanical engineering, and cell biology as implant materials are designed, synthesized, and evaluated for mechanical and biological suitability.
Faculty: Joseph M. Hart, PhD, ATC
Department: Orthopaedic Surgery, Sports Medicine
Phone: 3-0256
Title: Bilateral Quadriceps function after unilateral knee joint surgery in rabbits
Abstract: This study aims to develop an animal model (rabbit) for describing ipsilateral and contralateral quadriceps neural inhibition following unilateral knee joint surgery. Surgeries will be randomly assigned. Quadriceps muscle function using H-reflex techniques will be measured before and serially after surgery.
Quadriceps function prior to Anterior cruciate ligament surgery (HSR: 13398): This is a human subjects clinical trial to investigate the efficacy of "disinhibitory modalities" in promoting strength gains prior to reconstruction surgery. Patients enrolled in this study will perform 2 weeks of guided home quadriceps strengthening exercises. Patients will be randomly assigned to receive either knee joint cryotherapy, electrotherapy or nothing prior to exercises. The intention of the treatment is to remove post-traumatic knee extensor inhibition before exercises are performed. We hypothesize that this will result in greater strength gains in patients with poor quadriceps function prior to ACL reconstruction.
Faculty: Fern R. Hauck, MD, MS
Department: Family Medicine
Phone: 4-5451
Title: The research project will be based in the International Family Medicine Clinic (IFMC) in the Department of Family Medicine.
Abstract: This clinic provides comprehensive, patient-centered care to refugees and immigrants of all ages who originate from numerous countries and speak many languages. The student will participate in 1-2 clinic sessions per week and complete a project that involving IFMC's patient population, such as a quality improvement or patient education project, analysis of data from the IFMC database, or others. Some of the time will be spent in independent study about issues relevant to caring for refugees, such as cultural competency, health screening of new refugees, etc. The student will meet regularly with Dr. Hauck to orient the student, allow the student to reflect on his or her experience, and to teach about specific issues. Foreign language proficiency is not required but an asset, as well as prior experience with immigrants/refugees.
Faculty: W. Jeff Elias, MD
Department: Neurosurgery
Phone: 4-0451
Title: Anatomic co-localization of therapeutic efficacy of subthalamic nucleus DBS for bradykinesia and gait disturbances in Parkinson's Disease.
Abstract: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) can improve motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). DBS has been reported to provide considerable relief of bradykinesia, tremor and gait disturbances, but it remains unclear whether DBS treatment of different regions of the STN differentially affect different motor symptoms of PD. We propose to sequentially test each of the 8 DBS electrode in up to 10 volunteers with PD who are being treated with DBS. The changes in bradykinesia and gait will be quantified. Electrode contacts will be localized within brain through analysis of post-operative MR scans and transferred to a standard brain atlas. Both the anatomic structure closest to the contact and the 3-dimensional atlas coordinate of the contact will be noted. Regression analysis will evaluate whether relief of bradykinesia and improvement in gait tend to be co-localized, and both categorical and regression analysis will evaluate whether optimal efficacy can be linked to a particular structure or region of the STN.
Faculty: Marcel Durieux, MD
Department: Anesthesiology
Phone: 4-2283
Title: Effect of intravenous local anesthetics on recovery after surgery
Abstract: Several clinical studies have shown that infusion of local anesthetics (such as lidocaine) intraoperatively decreases the duration of bowel dysfunction after colon surgery, decreases postoperative pain and shortens duration of hospitalization. Laboratory evidence supports an inflammatory modulation action of these drugs as the mechanism behind this beneficial effect. In laparoscopic surgery (with a reduced inflammatory and pain response as compared to open surgery) benefits have also been shown, but only after fairly prolonged infusions (many hours), which reduces the practicality of the approach. In this trial we are studying the effects of intravenous lidocaine on recovery after laparoscopic colon resection when the infusion duration is limited to intraoperatively plus two hours only. Our primary endpoint is time to return to bowel function, secondary endpoints include duration of hospitalization, secondary endpoints, pain/analgesic requirements, and nausea/antiemetic requirements. Student involvement will include patient screening and recruitment, data collection and assistance with intraoperative study drug administration.
Faculty: Bradford Burke Worrall, MD, MSc
Department: Neurology/Vascular Neurology (Stroke)
Phone: 4-2783
Title: Genetic and mechanistic considerations in cerebrovascular disease in type 1 and type 2 diabetes (two students requested) 1 slot filled
Abstract: We are using large animal models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes to study cerebrovascular atherosclerosis. We have collected intra and extracranial vessels from more then 60 animals. Our work uses both a type 1 and a type 2 diabetes pig models that develop cerebrovascular atherosclerosis that closely mimics human disease. We are in the process of formally validating these models for both extracranial and intracranial atherosclerosis which will allow subsequent mechanistic and therapeutic research. Incorporation of genetic and inflammatory profile data promises to improve individualized prevention and treatments to reduce the 750,000-780,000 new clinical strokes and 11 million silent strokes per year.
The student selected for this project will be closely involved in the histological, immunohistological, and molecular genetic techniques. Prior experience in laboratory techniques is a plus but not required. We expect the student to participate in all aspects of the lab. There is potential for an individual project that could be developed for presentation at a national meeting. In addition, the student selected may choose to observe in Dr. Worrall's weekly stroke clinic.
Faculty: Bradford Burke Worrall, MD, MSc
Department: Neurology/Vascular Neurology (Stroke)
Phone: 4-2783
Title: Genetic and mechanistic considerations in cerebrovascular disease in type 1 and type 2 diabetes (two students requested) 1 slot available
Abstract: We are using large animal models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes to study cerebrovascular atherosclerosis. We have collected intra and extracranial vessels from more then 60 animals. Our work uses both a type 1 and a type 2 diabetes pig models that develop cerebrovascular atherosclerosis that closely mimics human disease. We are in the process of formally validating these models for both extracranial and intracranial atherosclerosis which will allow subsequent mechanistic and therapeutic research. Incorporation of genetic and inflammatory profile data promises to improve individualized prevention and treatments to reduce the 750,000-780,000 new clinical strokes and 11 million silent strokes per year.
The student selected for this project will be closely involved in the histological, immunohistological, and molecular genetic techniques. Prior experience in laboratory techniques is a plus but not required. We expect the student to participate in all aspects of the lab. There is potential for an individual project that could be developed for presentation at a national meeting. In addition, the student selected may choose to observe in Dr. Worrall's weekly stroke clinic.
Faculty: Edward M. Kantor, MD
Department: Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences
Phone: 4-5408
Title: UVa Medical Reserve Corps
Abstract: Work with leadership of the UVa Medical Reserve Corps to further define and solidify the training and orientation programs for health/medical and other volunteers in a community-wide effort to augment the public health response in times of major natural, man-made disasters and bioterror events. More info about the project available at http://www.uvamrc.org/.
Since we were named the tenth national research team, if desired, students will have the opportunity to work with the new Child Disaster MH Research Team project through the National Child Traumatic Stress Network and the University of Oklahoma as it ramps up its research project phase.
The experience will consist of a specific student project, but based on interest, there is the opportunity for clinical practical time in mental health services at UVa, the surrounding Community Mental Health Centers and State Hospital. In the past students have met and worked with senior members of the Governor's staff, the Commissioner of Mental Health, the Deputy Commissioner of Health for Emergency Preparedness, State Senators and Delegates, Emergency Operations Planners, and others.
Faculty: Richard L. Guerrant, MD
Department: Medicine/Infectious Disease and International Health
Phone: 4-9676
Title: Impact of AlanylGlutamine and Arginine on cell signaling in malnourishing cryptosporidial infections.
Abstract: Having discovered the huge developmental impact of malnourishing diarrhea in children, our lab is focused on understanding novel interventions to repair intestinal injury, using glutamine and arginine-rich peptides. Since these may also have key antiinflammatory as well as growth promoting effects, we shall use our tissue culture, organoid and animal model systems to understand and optimize these effects.
This work involves not only tissue culture and animal work, but potentially microarray and peptide assays and their analyses.
Faculty: Irving L Kron, MD
Department: Surgery
Phone: 4-9297
Title: Expression of Growth Factors in Association with Compensatory Lung Growth
Abstract: Our lab has shown that compensatory lung growth is receptive to exogenous growth factors which can significantly augment growth. Our current attention is focused on angiogenesis and vascular remodeling in compensatory lung growth, and we have recently shown that pneumonectomy induces vascular remodeling and arterial growth in the lungs of adult rats, which is proportionate to the number of lobes removed. Identification of the molecular mediators in compensatory lung growth could eventually permit the advancement of future therapies for lung injury, pulmonary hypertension, and lung transplantation.
Title: The neurologic effects of cardio pulmonary bypass
Abstract: Cardiac bypass surgery results in long-term cognitive deficits in a large percentage of the patients who undergo this life saving procedure. A clear understanding of the mechanisms underlying such deficits could lead to the development of rational therapeutic strategies to limit neurological damage associated with bypass surgery. We propose to characterize cognitive decline in a rat model of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and apply this knowledge to evaluate mechanisms of, and therapies for, CPB-related injury.
Faculty: Craig A. Peters, MD
Department: Urology/Pediatric Urology
Phone: 3-6510
Title: MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS IN FETAL RENAL OBSTRUCTION Abstract: The student would be integrated into our ongoing study of the effects of fetal urinary obstruction on the development of the kidney. We are particularly interested in the coordinate regulation of elements of the TGFß and HGF signaling axes that are thought to be counter-active in their effects on the developing kidney. Using unique models of fetal sheep obstructive uropathy developed by the PI in Boston of which histologic sections and paraffin blocks are available, we are examining the patterns of spatial and temporal change of expression of various elements of this important regulatory system using immunohistochemistry and morphological analysis. The summer student would continue this work and develop new aspects that would evaluate different levels of obstructive effect as well as performing stereological studies of the developing kidneys to assess glomerular generations and tubular growth. The necessary methods and technical aspects have been worked out and are routinely performed in our lab. The student would also have the opportunity to learn about renal and urogenital development through this project and would be able to participate in drafting research papers on this topic.
Faculty: Spencer B. Gay, MD
Department: Radiology
Phone: 4-9820
Title: Radiology in M1 Gross Anatomy: Effectiveness of Web-based Instruction
Abstract: We want to provide an innovative way to teach anatomy through medical imaging. We will gather more images, write case presentations and formulate cases in order to create an online case-based format. We also want to know how successful this novel approach to teaching radiology at UVA would be, as well as which aspects of it were most effective and interesting to students. A comprehensive survey at the end of the course provided the feedback will guide further development for teaching radiology alongside gross anatomy.
Faculty: Coleen McNamara, MD
Department: Medicine/Cardiovascular Medicine
Phone: 2-3366 (2 students requested) (1 slot filled)
Title: Regulation of adipose tissue development and adipocyte differentiation by Id3
Abstract: Adipose tissue or fat is composed of adipocytes, it serves to store energy, cushion and insulate the body and as an endocrine organ producing hormones. Excessive fat accumulation or obesity is a world wide growing public health problem. It predisposes individuals to multiple diseases, most notably cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus type 2. Inhibitor of differentiation 3 (Id3) is a dominant negative transcription factor regulating differentiation of various tissues. Id3 is present in preadipocytes and its expression declines shortly after differentiation onset. In addition, overexpression of Id3 prevents adipocytes differentiation in vitro. How Id3 regulates adipocyte differentiation in vitro, or adipose tissue development in vivo, is not known. Our lab initiated studies to address these questions by analyzing adipose tissue development in Id3 knockout mice and WT controls and by studying signaling mechanisms for regulation of adipocyte differentiation by Id3. Selected candidates will participate in these studies.
Faculty: Craig S Nunemaker, PhD
Department: Medicine/Endocrinology
Phone: 4-0229
Title: Protecting Pancreatic Islets from Diabetes.
Abstract: Diabetes is a devastating metabolic disorder that affects more than 20 million people in the US. Diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and declining insulin production, resulting in hyperglycemia and numerous secondary complications including cardiovascular disease, blindness and kidney failure. Destruction of insulin-producing cells in pancreatic islets is a key element in the progression of diabetes and can result from chronic exposure to inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and lipid factors. For this project, students will learn to use fluorescence microscopy techniques to test a potential anti-diabetic drug for possible direct protective effects on pancreatic islets. Specifically, the student will treat islets with the drug and measure the following endpoints: (a) glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), (b) glucose-stimulated calcium flux (GSCa), (c) cell death, and (d) islet metabolism measured by mitochondrial activity.
Faculty: Stephen M. Borowitz, MD
Department: Pediatrics/Gastroenterology and Nutrition
Phone: 4-2457
Title: The Use of Student Scribes to Improve the Quality and Completeness of Physician Documentation (2 students requested)
Abstract: The medical record is meant to be the repository for all information relevant to the care of a patient. Among the many purposes of the medical record, communication of patient-related details between clinicians should be the most important. Over the past decade, the medical record has been increasingly marginalized as the primary source of communication between clinicians. We propose to use student scribes to try and improve the quality of clinical documentation and communication within the medical record. After receiving formal training, student scribes will attend ward rounds every morning, and document what transpires during those rounds focusing on the assessment and plan of care. Prior to rounds, residents will begin all the clinical notes and formulate their own assessment and plan. Student scribes will use these notes as the basis for subsequent documentation. At the conclusion of rounds, scribes will meet with residents and faculty to review, finalize and sign-off on these notes after which they will placed in the medical record. The completeness, accuracy, readability, legibility, and overall quality of clinical notes will be assessed at baseline and after the scribe program has been implemented.
Faculty: William Brady, MD
Department: Emergency Medicine
Phone: 4-8485
Title: University Automatic External Defibrillator Program - From Development to Application
Abstract: We will review and analyze the process of automatic external defibrillator (AED) introduction to the University of Virginia. Issues which we will consider include: medical rationale for AED use, administrative and political concerns, logistical development / application of the system, education, daily operation, etc. Over the past 26 months, we have developed the UVa AED system. This project, and the resultant paper, will address the process, form beginning to end. The student will review the medical literature regarding the AED, focusing on the medical utility of the such a device. Various system models of application will be considered. The logistical issues surrounding site location, including a sound rationale for site selection, will be considered. The student will interface with University leaders and other personnel in Madison Hall, UVa PD, and the Medical Center as well as local EMS officials; furthermore, this project will take the student from the library to the street - in essence, considering all aspects of a medical intervention, ranging from its scientific justification to practical application.
Faculty: Brayman, Kenneth, MD
Department: Surgery
Phone: 4-9370
Title: Improving engraftment of transplanted islets through using a bioengineered absorbable matrix material
Abstract: Improving engraftment of transplanted islets through using a bioengineered absorbable matrix material (including a literature review of bioengineered devices to enhance islet engraftment).
Faculty: Brayman, Kenneth, MD
Department: Surgery
Phone: 4-9370
Title: Retrospective review of transplantation results
Abstract: Review and data collection regarding our clinical kidney pancreatic transplantation results (including a review and comparison to the field in general).
Faculty: Brayman, Kenneth, MD
Department: Surgery
Phone: 4-9370
Title: Investigation of stem cell differentiation into insulin producing islet beta cells
Abstract: Investigation of stem cell differentiation into insulin producing islet beta cells(including a literature review of beta cell differentiation).
Faculty: Mark D. Okusa, MD
Department: Medicine/Nephrology
Phone: 4-2110
Title: The role of leukocytes in the inflammatory response to acute and chronic renal injury
Abstract: Dr. Okusa uses a variety of molecular, cell biological and immunological methods and in vivo models in his studies. 1) Acute ischemia-reperfusion injury. In vivo studies are aimed at determining the contribution of inflammatory cells to ischemia-reperfusion injury and therapeutic strategies to reduce injury following acute renal injury with the ultimate goal of bringing novel compounds to clinical trials. Dr. Okusa has targeted adenosine 2A receptors and lysophospholipid receptors as potential therapeutic targets. 2) Diabetic nephropathy. Recently Dr. Okusa's laboratory has determined that the use of adenosine 2A agonists markedly reduces functional and morphological consequences of diabetic nephropathy. 3) Immunobiology of adenosine 2A and lysosphingolipid receptors. Studies by Dr. Okusa have led to a better understanding of the mechanisms of T cell activation by ischemia-reperfusion and tolerance induction by adenosine 2A compounds.
Faculty: Cirle Alcantara Warren, MD
Department: Medicine/Infectious Disease and International Health
Phone: 4-9676
Title: The effects of E.coli-Nissle in Clostridium difficile-induced inflammation, secretion and mucosal injury in vitro and in vivo.
Abstract: This project involves investigating the effects of C. difficile toxins or bacterial supernatant in cell monolayers, human organoids, or murine models, specifically on inflammatory cytokine expression, histology, intraluminal fluid accumulation or apoptosis and whether these effects are blocked with exposure to E. coli-Nissle. The student will be able to assist and learn cell culture techniques, development of 3D intestinal tissue-like assemblages, murine ligated ileal loop and murine models of C. difficile infection. Cell-tissue protein and DNA/RNA extraction for cytokine assay and PCR, respectively, tissue microscopy, and apoptosis assay will be performed.
Faculty: Jim B. Tucker, MD
Department: Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences
Phone: 4-2281
Title: Children who claim to remember previous lives (2 students requested)
Abstract: Student will review case reports (including medical records, interviews, and correspondence) of children who claim to remember a previous life, with the aim of quantifying and entering the data in a codebook. Student will participate in a weekly research lunch focusing on the scientific study of unusual phenomena including near-death experiences and cases of the reincarnation type.
Faculty: Daniel Becker, MD, MPH, MFA
Department: Center for Biomedical Ethics and Humanities
Phone: 4-5856
Title: Adventures in the art of medicine: how schools of medicine foster creative writing
Abstract: Hospital Drive (http://hospitaldrive.med.virginia.edu/) is a relatively new on-line journal at the School of Medicine. We need to develop internet links to similar journals and blogs. First, we need to find these sites. I am not sure if there is a systematic way to do this. While word of mouth does not get us very far in an internet serch, word of mouth allows blogs to thrive. We can start by visiting medical school sites, talking to interested faculty, following leadds, and through an iterative process develop a sense of momentum if not a sense of completion. We are looking for an internet savvy student with literary interests and blog experience. All of this research can be done by laptop and internet access. I'd expect weekly reports. The student will also work with other Hospital Drive editorial staff. Time permitting, the student will research foundation (e.g., Gold Foundation) support for writing programs in medical schools.
Faculty: Craig A. Peters, MD
Department: Urology/Pediatric Urology
Phone: 3-6510
Title: MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS IN FETAL RENAL OBSTRUCTION Abstract: The student would be integrated into our ongoing study of the effects of fetal urinary obstruction on the development of the kidney. We are particularly interested in the coordinate regulation of elements of the TGFß and HGF signaling axes that are thought to be counter-active in their effects on the developing kidney. Using unique models of fetal sheep obstructive uropathy developed by the PI in Boston of which histologic sections and paraffin blocks are available, we are examining the patterns of spatial and temporal change of expression of various elements of this important regulatory system using immunohistochemistry and morphological analysis. The summer student would continue this work and develop new aspects that would evaluate different levels of obstructive effect as well as performing stereological studies of the developing kidneys to assess glomerular generations and tubular growth. The necessary methods and technical aspects have been worked out and are routinely performed in our lab. The student would also have the opportunity to learn about renal and urogenital development through this project and would be able to participate in drafting research papers on this topic.
Faculty: Michael B. Lawrence, PhD
Department: Biomedical Engineering
Phone: 2-4269
Title: Blood Coagulation Status Druing Cardiopulmonary Bypass Procedures
Abstract: A critical need exists for rapid, point of care determination of blood coagulation status during cardiopulmonary bypass procedures. Due to the extensive use of an extracorporeal blood circuit during cardiac surgery, patients often require complete systemic anticoagulation. Upon weaning from the heart-lung machine, anticoagulation is reversed. Ongoing non-surgical bleeding is common and often requires the use of multiple blood products to achieve hemostasis. Aside from the assessment of the adequacy of heparin anticoagulation and its reversal (using an activated clotting time or ACT tests), no rapid assay is available to assess independently deficiencies in platelet function or clotting factors. The inability to discriminate deficiencies in the clotting cascade leads to the use of a "shotgun" of blood products as opposed to directed therapy.
We are evaluating a novel device that uses ultrasound radiation force to determine if depleted clotting factors or platelet dysfunction is the cause of peri-and post-operative bleeding problems in patients coming off cardiopulmonary bypass pump. Our research team consists of a platelet biologist, Dr. Adrian Gear, a cardiothoracic surgeon, Dr. Ailawadi, and two biomedical engineers with expertise in blood rheology and ultrasound imaging technology.
Faculty: David R. Diduch, MD
Department: Orthopaedic Surgery, Sports Medicine
Phone: 3-0274
Title: Clinical Outcomes following Bankart Repair:
Abstract: Anterior shoulder instability continues to be a problem with particular influence on young, active patients and can result in debilitating dysfunction and loss of productivity. Open repair remains the standard of care; however, arthroscopic treatment of anterior shoulder instability has gained popularity secondary to decreased incidence of range of motion limitation, subscapularis complications, and quicker recovery. This project will continue to define the role of arthroscopic treatment of anterior shoulder instability and we suspect that the clinical outcomes measured, including recurrent instability, will be similar to those historically cited for open procedures in the literature. The purpose of this study is to perform clinical follow up at 2+ years following primary, arthroscopic Bankart repair of the shoulder.
Faculty: J Randall Moorman, MD
Department: Internal Medicine
Phone: 2-3367
Title: Predictive Modeling of Future Disease States Abstract: We study heart rhythm, and have opportunities for students with prior engineering, computer and mathematical experience. We use mathematical and statistical techniques for heart rate time series analysis with the clinical goal of early detection of subacute, potnetially catstrophic illness. Our most mature work is an online monitoring system in the neontal intensive care unit that helps to make the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis before signs of illness appear. Newer works focus on atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure in adults with implanted devices like pacemakers and ICDs.
Faculty: Benjamin Gaston, MD
Department: Pediatrics
Phone: 4-1820
Title: Drug discovery for ventilatory therapeutics
Abstract: We have shown that transnitrosation reactions from hemoglobin to low-mass thiols signal oxyhemoglobin desaturation. These reactions signal both gene regulatory effects and short-term physiological responses, such as the ventilatory response to hypoxia. We have a drug discovery program in which we screen compounds for both their transnitrosation chemistry and their hypoxia-mimetic ventilatory effects. The student would be involved in studying transnitrosation between erythrocytes and candidate agents during step-wise oxyhemoglobin desaturation.
Faculty: Margaret Plews-Ogan, MD
Department: Division of General Internal Medicine
Phone: 4-1685
Title: The Appreciative Inquiry at the University of Virginia project seeks students interested in conducting interviews related to medical education, patient care, and/or patient safety. (2 students requested) (1 slot taken)
Abstract: Appreciative Inquiry (AI) is an organizational change model that identifies the "positive core" of an organization in order to create more of these strong attributes. The work is based on narratives gathered through recorded interviews, in which members (e.g. faculty, health care providers, residents, patients) tell stories of times when work, learning, teaching, or care went especially well. These narratives are analyzed to describe a particular organization "at its best," and this serves as a foundation for positive change. AI at UVA is an initiative jointly sponsored by the Health Center and the School of Medicine; it is lead by a multidisciplinary team of faculty. The student(s) will work closely with the Project Coordinator.
Students will be asked to conduct multiple (up to 75) 15-30 minute interviews for one of three projects related to medical education, patient care, and patient safety. We will make every effort to ensure that the project reflects the students' interests. This is an exciting opportunity for individuals interested in exposure to and experience in the broad characteristics of medical education and patient care. Please contact Natalie May (appreciate@virginia.edu) with any questions.
Faculty: Susan C. Modesitt, MD
Department: Gynecologic Oncology
Phone: 4-5197
Title: Evaluation of the impact of obesity and physical activity on endometrial cancer
Abstract: Obesity in the United States is reaching epic proportions as 65% of the population is overweight (BMI≥25) and 30% are obese (BMI≥30). Obesity is linked to numerous adverse health consequences including cardiovascular disease, diabetes and, increasingly, cancers of the colon, prostate, pancreas, breast and endometrium (uterine lining). Endometrial cancer is the 4th most common cancer in women in the US and is expected to affect 40,000 women in 2008. Recent data have shown that 40% of endometrial cancer may be attributed to obesity and this is thought to be primarily due to the increased estrogen production in adipocytes through the conversion of androgens to estrone. Yet not all obese women will develop endometrial cancer suggesting that other factors aside from the increased estrogen must also play a role in the process of malignant transformation. Protective factors in obese women include physical activity but the exact mechanisms that underlie such protection remain poorly understood. The specific aims of this research project are to continue to enroll postmenopausal overweight and obese women with and without endometrial cancer who are undergoing hysterectomy to prospectively define the biomedical parameters (including exercise ability) of these women and to collect fat and endometrial tissue at surgery to assess differences in adipocyte derived marker activity and correlate with outcomes.
Faculty: Susan C. Modesitt, MD
Department: OB/GYN
Phone: 4-5197
Title: Human Papillomavirus Vaccine In Girls Presenting For Care At Their Pediatricians' Offices.
Abstract: Human papillomavirus is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States and is associated with 99% of cervical cancers.l In the U.S. in 2007, 11,150 were diagnosed with cervical cancer and 3670 died of disease. At least 75% of women will be infected with HPV at some point in their lifetime. While most young women will not go on to develop cervical cancer, HPV infection is also associated with genital warts and cervical dysplasia resulting in significant health care cost and emotional distress to patients infected. In addition, cervical cancer differentially affects young women with women of lower socioeconomic status having a higher risk of being diagnosed with cervical cancer and a higher mortality from the disease. A quadrivalent vaccine to protect against HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18 was approved by the FDA in 2006. This study will address factors associated with receiving the HPV vaccine in girls presenting for care at their pediatricians' offices. Previous studies have demonstrated that parental decisions to have their child vaccinated are associated with knowledge about HPV, physician recommendation, and believe in the safety and efficacy of the vaccine. The specific aims of this study include determining the effect of insurance status on HPV vaccinate rates, collecting data on other factors associated with HPV vaccination including physician counseling, and to collect baseline date on HPV vaccination rates in Virginia prior to implementation of the school mandate requiring vaccination of this population.
Faculty: Christine L. Lau, MD
Department: Surgery
Phone: 4-8016
Title: The role of inflammation in cardiothoracic transplantation
Abstract: Lung and heart transplantation are preferred treatment options for many end-stage lung and heart diseases. These procedures are quite refined but recipient outcomes are limited by chronic rejection of the transplanted organ, a process that is poorly understood. Our laboratory focuses on identifying the role played by the innate immune system (combined with the adaptive immune system) in the chronic rejection of these organs. We perform tracheal and heart transplants in mice in our laboratory and have novel anti-inflammatory treatment options. The student in our lab would compete a project either using our heart transplant model or our tracheal transplant model (model of lung transplant chronic rejection) depending on their specific interests. Both projects should be able to be accomplished in during the summer period. The student would be directly mentored by myself and Dr. Yunge Zhao. Dr. Zhao is a full-time researcher in my laboratory.
Faculty: Eugene Barrett, MD
Department: Medicine
Phone: 4/1175
Title: The Impact of Vascular Insulin Resistance on Trans-endothelial Insulin Transport and Glucose Tolerance.
Abstract: Our laboratory is interested in the impact that changes in the endothelium induced by inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and fats on the transport of insulin from plasma to target issues including skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and brain. Students participating in projects would learn techniques involved in assessing in vivo insulin action (insulin clamp, vascular ultrasound,) and in vivo methods for following insulin action (Western blot, PCR)
Faculty: Mark W. Anderson MD
Department: Radiology
Phone: 4-9377
Title: Effect of Lumbar Discography on Intervertebral Discs
Abstract: Discography is commonly used to determine which, if any, intervertebral discs are the source for a patient's low back pain. The procedure involves placing needles into the nucleus pulposis at each disc level to be examined followed by the injection of radiographic contrast while monitoring the patient's pain response to the injection. Theoretically, the procedure could result in injury to the disc either from the needle traversing the annulus or a change in the chemical makeup of the nucleus related to the introduction of contrast material. This has not been previously investigated, and we plan to identify any patients who underwent MR imaging studies of the lumbar spine within six months before and after discography and then analyze their imaging studies to determine if there are any macroscopic changes in disc morphology that might be attributable to the procedure.
Faculty: Coleen McNamara, MD
Department: Medicine/Cardiovascular Medicine
Phone: 2-3366 (2 students requested) (1 slot filled)
Title: Regulation of adipose tissue development and adipocyte differentiation by Id3
Abstract: Adipose tissue or fat is composed of adipocytes, it serves to store energy, cushion and insulate the body and as an endocrine organ producing hormones. Excessive fat accumulation or obesity is a world wide growing public health problem. It predisposes individuals to multiple diseases, most notably cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus type 2. Inhibitor of differentiation 3 (Id3) is a dominant negative transcription factor regulating differentiation of various tissues. Id3 is present in preadipocytes and its expression declines shortly after differentiation onset. In addition, overexpression of Id3 prevents adipocytes differentiation in vitro. How Id3 regulates adipocyte differentiation in vitro, or adipose tissue development in vivo, is not known. Our lab initiated studies to address these questions by analyzing adipose tissue development in Id3 knockout mice and WT controls and by studying signaling mechanisms for regulation of adipocyte differentiation by Id3. Selected candidates will participate in these studies.
Faculty: Spencer C. Payne, MD
Department: Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery
Phone: 4-5876
Title: Role of anti-inflammatory mediation in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis by anti-fungal medication.
Abstract: In certain forms of sinus disease, such as allergic fungal sinusitis and invasive fungal sinusitis, the role of fungus has been well documented and understood. However, in the remainder of patients with sinus disease, it remains uncertain if fungus may play a role either as a main causative agent or serve as an exacerbating factor. Preliminary data from other studies indicate that a certain number of people tend to see an improvement in their sinus disease with anti-fungal therapy. This project is a laboratory based evaluation of anti-fungal therapy on immune system cells from both leukemic cell lines and cell cultures derived from tissue samples of patients with eosinophilic rhinosinusitis with polyps to determine if an underlying anti-inflammatory effect is mediated separate from any anti-fungal properties of the medication.
Faculty: Mark J Jameson, MD, PhD
Department: Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery
Phone: 4-2040
Title: Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor in Resistance to Anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Therapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Abstract: Although overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been shown to be important in the growth of most head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), therapeutic agents that inhibit the EGFR have shown poor clinical efficacy. Our lab has previously shown that activation of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) can confer resistance to an EGFR antagonist in vitro. Our current studies are aimed at understanding the intracellular signaling mechanism by which this resistance develops and its potential clinical significance. Techniques used in the lab include tissue culture, colorimetric proliferation assays, flow cytometry-based cell cycle and apoptosis assessment, protein isolation, Western immunoblotting, molecular biology, ex vivo chemosensitivity assays, and xenograft tumor studies in nude mice. There will also be opportunities to observe tissue harvests and review treatment outcome-related data from patient records.
Faculty: Bijoy K. Kundu, PhD
Department: Radiology
Phone: 4-0284
Title: In-vivo FDG-PET Imaging to Evaluate Glucose Uptake, Metabolism and Cardiac Function in a Mouse Model of Myocardial Hypertrophy
Abstract: Recent technological advances have made imaging the mouse heart possible using 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (18F-FDG-PET), thus facilitating studies to identify metabolic mechanisms of the development of heart failure. The goal of this proposal is to optimize imaging techniques using the microPET scanner, to determine the role of glucose uptake and metabolism in a mouse model of myocardial hypertrophy. Myocardial hypertrophy is initially an adaptive response to stress to maintain cardiac function, but becomes maladaptive with ongoing stress and is a precursor to heart failure. The specific aims are to: 1) Optimize specific small animal PET imaging techniques and tracer kinetic models to evaluate glucose uptake, metabolism and function for gated cardiac images. A time course study over a period of 7-8 weeks will be done to determine the relationship between glucose uptake and myocardial hypertrophy under pressure overload to evaluate the response at 100% hypertrophy (4 wks) and the response with development of heart failure (7-8 wks); 2) Evaluate how glucose uptake and cardiac function is affected by antihypertrophic treatments over a period of 7-8 weeks post treatment in-vivo in mice utilizing gated cardiac imaging techniques and tracer kinetic models.
Faculty: David Kaufman, MD
Department: Pediatrics
Phone: 4-9114
Title: Fungal sepsis in extremely preterm infants
Abstract: Fungal sepsis is the 3rd most common cause of infection in extremely preterm infants and has an associated mortality between 32 to 40 percent. Fluconazole prophylaxis can prevent these invasive infections in preterm infants. In our initial study 0 of 20 (0%) fluconazole-treated compared to 10 of 50 (20%) placebo-treated infants developed invasive fungal infections. (Kaufman et al. NEJM 2001) Questions remain regarding the safety and possible emergence of resistance over time. Long term safety has not been examined. We will be investigating longterm neurodevelopmental outcomes in these patients via surveys and phone interviews as part of our follow up study.
Faculty: Christopher M. Kramer, MD
Department: Radiology and Cardiology
Phone: 3-0736
Title: Comprehensive Magnetic Resonance in Peripheral Arterial Disease Abstract: Over the past 5 years, our multi-disciplinary team of investigators have developed new MRI-based methods for clinical trials in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) to measure benefits of novel therapeutic approaches. These include imaging of atherosclerotic plaque volume and characteristics in the superficial femoral artery and measuring perfusion and metabolism in calf muscle at peak exercise in patients with PAD. We have embarked on a trial of lipid lowering with simvastatin, ezetimibe, or the combination of the two in PAD patients to assess all of the above endpoints. Patients are imaged at baseline and after beginning lipid-lowering therapy, they are imaged again yearly over 2 years. Approximately half of the patients have now returned after 1 year of therapy and intensive data analysis is ongoing. MSSRP students would participate in the imaging studies and data analysis.