Resident Core Curriculums

Pediatric Radiology

We wish to extend a warm welcome to you as you enter the world of pediatric imaging. We believe that diagnostic imaging makes a significant difference in the management of sick children. We want you to become a part of the dedicated team that is the University of Virginia Children ’s Hospital.

The mission of the Children's Hospital is to provide state-of-the-art health care for all children. We as pediatric radiologists and as part of the health care team are dedicated to patient care and to education of medical students, clinical staff, and radiology residents.

There are a number of unique aspects of maintaining a Children’s Hospital within a University Hospital such as ours. We must bear in mind that children are not merely small adults and cannot be handled as such and that parents of sick children require an enormous amount of empathy and consideration, they are extremely protective and frightened. Patient care for sick children, therefore, requires special attention. Many things which represent minor annoyances or details to adult patients become significant problems for children. Stressed parents with children who are frequently NPO and nervous or fussy have great difficulty in crowded waiting rooms. They may also disrupt other patients who are waiting. It is very important to expedite pediatric exams, especially when the children are NPO. Many examinations require immobilization, restraining devices and/or sedation in children and thus require our immediate attention with little or no delay in initiation and completion of the examinations.

The Pediatric Imaging Service employs multiple modalities in different areas of the department. These include pediatric emergency room plain films, general plain films, pediatric body CT, pediatric ultrasound, pediatric fluoroscopy and body MRI. Covering multiple areas provides an opportunity for you to see all phases of pediatric imaging but also causes difficulty in patient scheduling and attending and resident coverage. Close contact between Peds radiology attendings and residents is essential, especially on busy days in order to assure proper patient care and a good experience for you. We will provide resident and attending schedules. These schedules will vary depending on whether there are one or two residents. As a rule, however, when there is doubt about coverage, the attending will be responsible for ultrasound and fluoroscopy and the resident will be responsible for CT coverage. On occasion CT may need to be covered by the CT resident or Fellow. Please keep in mind that we do not expect you to be in two places at one time!

As in all areas of radiology, the most important part of your education comes from daily cases and patient interactions under our supervision. We also feel that formal teaching sessions are important and will implement these sessions each week. Independent study and reading are essential and we strongly recommend use of the ACR laser disc in addition to the reading list. If you want you may have an optional miniboard exam at the end of the rotation to help consolidate your experience.

In summary, we expect this to be an enjoyable rotation for you, one in which you will assume a great deal of responsibility, learn to deal with children, and gain a solid foundation for the performance and interpretation of pediatric imaging studies. We look forward to your time on our service.

 

PEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY

 

MONDAY

TUESDAY

WEDNESDAY

THURSDAY

FRIDAY

8:00

Ped. Med. Student Teaching

- - - - -

- - - - -

  Ped GR  

- - - - -

8:45

 

 

Peds Conf

 

 

9:00

 - - - - -

- - - - -

Cath Conf.

KCRC Conf.

- - - - -

9:15

Fluoro/Ultrasound/CT

- - - - -

- - - - - 

- - - - -

- - - - -

  10:30

 NICU

- - - - -

- - - - -

- - - - -

- - - - - 

  11:00

 PICU PRN

- - - - -

- - - - -

- - - - -

 - - - - -

  1:00

 Conference

  - - - - - 

- - - - - 

 - - - - -

  - - - - - 

  2:00

 Ped. Rollerscopes

- - - - -

- - - - -

- - - - - 

  2:00

Onc. Conf.

 

 Portable

US

  - - - - -  

 Portable

US

 - - - - -

 Portable

US

PEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY 1 RESIDENT ROTATION

Teaches Med. Students 8:00 a.m. : M, T, W, F

Dictates Rollerscope

Covers Fluoro , US , CT

Prepares and gives Wed. 8:45 Peds. Conference

Prepares and gives KCRC Conf.: Th 9:00 a.m.

Prepares and gives Friday 2:00 Heme Oncology Conference

PEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY 2 RESIDENT ROTATION –

JUNIOR RESIDENT

Medical Student teaching 8:00 : M, T, W, F

Dictates rollerscope: M - F

Fluoro

SENIOR RESIDENT

  1. Peds films on PACS
  2. US
  3. CT

iGives Wed 8:45 Peds. Conference

hOn Thursday gives 9:00 KCRC Conf.

iPrepares and gives Friday 2:00 Heme Oncology Conference

I. PURPOSE AND GOALS:

At the end of the pediatric radiology rotation, the resident should:

Be familiar with the care and handling of pediatric patients and their families. There are many specialized skills and techniques involved in the approach to pediatric patients while in the x-ray department. This is especially true of the newborn and the young infant. Many of these techniques have to do with positioning, immobilization, and infant temperature maintenance. You will be expected to both understand and properly carry out these techniques. In addition, utmost care must be taken that the patient’s parents thoroughly understand all procedures to be carried out on their child.

Be capable of acting as a consultant to the pediatricians and pediatric surgeons. We function as consultants on this service and close contact with the clinical services is maintained at all times. No examination is performed on any child without proper clinical information.

Be capable of performing numerous radiologic procedures on infants and children including: gastrointestinal fluoroscopy; intravenous pyelography and voiding cystourethrography; airway fluoroscopy and radiography; neonatal ultrasonography, including head and body; other examinations such as CT and MRI as they pertain to the pediatric patient.

Have acquired a fund of knowledge about pediatric radiology. This will require reading on your own, studying the teaching file, working with the ACR learning file, in addition to performing the daily work schedule.

II. DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES:

  1. Act as the primary consultant in pediatric radiology.

    As the primary consultant for pediatric radiology you should be available at all times for consultation. If you leave the department during the day, you should let the page operator know where to reach you.
  2. You are responsible for organizing the Wednesday morning pediatric ward conference. Please bring interesting cases each morning for the medical students and pediatricians.

The conference schedule is as follows:

a. Pediatric medical students 8:00

b. General Ward Conference Wednesday 8:45 .

c. Neonatal Intensive Care 10:30, Monday - Friday.

d. Pediatric Intensive Care Unit 11:00, Monday – Friday as needed.

e. KCRC Conf: Thursday 9:00 in Ped. Reading Room

f. Pediatric Heme/Onc Conf: Friday 2:00 in Ped. Reading Rm.

It is the responsibility of the pediatric housestaff to provide the patient list. Immediately following the morning conference, all films should be dictated. All interesting cases should be entered in the case book and the diagnosis and interesting x-ray findings listed.

Films from the NICU and the PICU should be available by 10:00 a.m.

  1. Fluoroscopy and other procedures begin immediately following conference. Prior to that time, you should check with Fluoroscopy scheduling for the day’s fluoro list. Please evaluate each request; if proper clinical information is not available, check with the physician who requests the study. Usually the pediatric housestaff or attending will have spoken to one of us before ordering the test. Try to formulate your own plan for each study. We will discuss each case before you begin. The procedure should then be discussed fully with the parents. The parents may accompany the child during the examination. All studies should be checked by the attending prior to dictation. Your goal in performing the various procedures should always be to achieve maximum radiographic information with minimum morbidity and radiation dose to the patient. Keep a log of your cases and fluoro time.
  2. Ultrasound - See schedule and manual (Ultrasound Scanning: Principles and Protocols by Tempkin)
  3. CT - See schedule and manual
  4. Reading routine films - Routine out patient films will be placed on the rollerscope by the film room personnel. Please formulate your impression of each case, after which time the cases should be presented to the pediatric radiology attending. As soon as a group of outpatient radiographs is dictated, they should be taken down by the film room and additional films for the day put up in their place. Please see that the film room clears all films from the rollerscope each afternoon with the exception of the current in-house patient films.
  5. Kluge Children's Rehabilitation Center (KCRC) - KCRC films are sent over and put up in the Pediatric Reading Room for the resident to read.
  6. KCRC Ward Conference is Thursday 9:00 a.m. in Ped. Reading Room (After Pediatric Grand Rounds). The list is available by Wednesday afternoon.
  7. Teaching file and 1:00 p.m. conference - You will be responsible for placing pediatric radiology cases in the teaching file. Current, interesting cases should always be shown to your fellow residents. It is very important for you to participate in educating your fellow residents. All interesting cases should be entered in the case book.

III. READING AND STUDY:

  1. In depth reading and study will be necessary in order to gain a firm foundation in pediatric radiology during your brief rotation.
  2. Current cases should be researched at once.
  3. You should attempt to review all of the pediatric portion of the teaching file. Pediatric cases are designed by red tape on the green jackets and a white tape on the red jackets.
  4. Reading List.
  5. ACR LASER DISC PEDIATRIC TEACHING FILE
  6. Web site - Introduction to Pediatric Radiology

IV. TEACHING:

1. Much of the teaching will be done using current daily cases.

2. Any free time in the afternoon should be spent in the library/teaching file/ website.

3. We will give a series of conferences and lectures each year.

V. FRIENDLY MINI BOARDS:

An oral exam may be given in the middle of the rotation.

SUBJECT: Optional friendly pediatric mini boards for the Radiology Resident on the Pediatric Rotation.

When - last Friday of the rotation. Suggested reading: Fundamentals of Pediatric Radiology by: Lane F. Donnelly, M.D.

 

BONE

GI

GU

CHEST

CV

NEURO

Lucent metaphyseal bands

DDX!SBO in a child

Multicystic Dys. kidney

CF (various ages) TTN

Coarc

Tet

IVH ! know grades

Causes of Rickets

Malrotation

Polycystic kidneys

Group B Strep

TAPVR

JUV angiofibroma

Torch infections

Duodenal obs.

Reflux 1E vs. 2E

grades 1!5

RDS

Transposition

Post. fossa tumors

DDX periostitis:

Jejunal obst.

Duplication with ectopic ureterocele

Epiglottitis

Tricuspid

atresia

cephalohematoma

Caffey=s

Meconium ileus vs.

distal ileal obst.

Post. urethral valves

Croup

 

Lacunar skull

Physiologic

HPS

Adrenal hem.

PTX

PDA

Craniosynostosis

Infection

CF

microcolon

Mesoblastic nephroma

Diaph. hernia

VSD

JUV angiofibroma

Trauma

Free air

Wilms

Round pneumonia

ASD

 

Vit. A

Small left colon

Neuroblastoma

Lobar emphysema

AV canal

 

Scurvy

Hirschsprungs

UPJ

FB

Vasc. ring

 

Prostaglandins, etc.

TEF

Horseshoe kidney

1E TB

Vasc. sling

 

Osteomyelitis: infant, older child

ddx: newborn with vomiting

juv. polyps

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Chylous effusion

Scimitar

 

Battered child

NEC

 

Bladder exstrophy

Staph pneumonia

Situs ambiguous

 

Salter fx.

Mec. peritonitis

Patent urachus

CAM

Polysplenia

 

Osteosarcoma

Mec. plug

Prune belly syndrome

Sequestration

Asplenia

 

Ewings

Mec. Ileus equiv.

Sacro-coc. teratoma

Mickity-Wilson

Anom. L. coronary

 

EG Histiocytosis

Reflux

 

Kartagerer’s Syndrome

Kawasaki ’s

 

Bowed tibia

Inguinal hernia

Ped. HTN

HUS

HSP

Retrophar. abscess

 

 

SCFE

VATER

 

Cystic hygroma

 

 

CDH

Intussusception

 

Mec. aspiration

 

 

Legg Perthes

Imperforate anus

 

PFC

 

 

OI

Achalasia

 

PIE

 

 

JRA

Appendicitis

 

Pul. edema in a neonate

 

 

Hemophilia

Biliary atresia

 

Pul. edema in a child

 

 

Club foot

Inflammatory Bowel dis.

 

 

 

 

Lead lines

UC

 

 

 

 

Vertebra plana

Crohns

 

 

 

 

Hunter’s syndrome

 

 

 

 

 

Achondroplasia

 

 

 

 

 

Scheuermann’s disease

 

 

 

 

 

Lytic bone lesion

 

 

 

 

 

Osteopenia

 

 

 

 

 

PEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY READING LIST

  1. Caffey’s Pediatric X-Ray Diagnosis, Editor Silverman - reference only.
  2. Essentials of Caffey’s Pediatric X-ray Diagnosis by Silverman, Kuhn - reference.
  3. Practical Pediatric Radiology by Hilton and Edwards.
  4. Imaging of the Newborn, Infant and Young Child by Swischuk.
  5. Emergency Radiology of the Acutely Ill or Injured Child by Swischuk - best ER book.
  6. Gastrointestinal Imaging in Pediatrics by Franken.
  7. Ultrasonography of Infants and Children by Teele and Share.
  8. Pediatric Ultrasonography by Swischuk.
  9. Pediatric Body CT by Daneman.
  10. Pediatric Body CT by Siegel.
  11. Pediatric Neuroimaging by Barkovich.
  12. Pediatric Orthopedic Radiology by Ozonoff.
  13. Pediatric Nuclear Medicine by Sty, Starshak, and Miller.
  14. Diagnostic Imaging of Infants and Children by Sty, Wells, Starshak, and    Gregg - good general reference.
  15. Differential diagnosis in Pediatric Radiology by Swischuk and John.
  16. Pediatric Sonography by M. Siegel.
  17. Fundamentals of Pediatric Radiology by Donnelly

Updated 5/18/05