University of Virginia Health System

The Division of Nephrology at the University of Virginia Health Sciences Center provides a comprehensive program for the training of postgraduates. This information booklet describes the Division of Nephrology, the different fellowship training programs offered, and the faculty directed research projects. Our overall aims are: to provide a comprehensive clinical fellowship training experience, to provide state of the art patient care and to promote scholarly clinical and research activities. Through recent advances and growth in the Division of Nephrology, we are well on our way towards achieving these aims. For those individuals interested in our program or need additional information, please address correspondence to:
 

The Division of Nephrology at the University of Virginia Health System maintains an active clinical and research training program.  The Division offers a 2 to 3 year flexible training program to match the needs of the individual trainee preparing for a career in either clinical or academic Nephrology. Specific goals of our training program are outlined as follows: 
 

1. Outpatient and inpatient settings evaluation and management of clinical renal disorders.
2. Training in immunobiology and transplantation Nephrology.
3. Maintaining the most current medical knowledge through participation in clinical conferences, journal clubs and research conferences.
4. Training in clinical or basic laboratory research.

The University of Virginia Kidney Center, a modern comprehensive center, located immediately adjacent to the office of the Division of Nephrology has been in operation since 1994. The Center is now the site of our outpatient dialysis unit, training center for home peritoneal and hemodialysis education as well as our outpatient Nephrology clinic. Facilities for outpatient renal ultrasound, biopsies, infusions and Tenchkoff catheter placement are present within The Kidney Center. The Center has offices for faculty and fellows, a divisional library/large multipurpose conference room. A computer system located in each of the faculty and fellows offices will permit access to patient records, laboratory tests, Medline for computer assisted literature searches and CD-ROM based Nephrology textbooks. Moreover software is available for the most up to date information in clinical Nephrology. This new center physically brings together physicians, nurse practitioners, social workers, dieticians, and nurses into a single area which greatly facilitates patient care, education, and clinical research. Thus, the Kidney Center encourages optimal educational interactions among the fellows, nursing staff, and faculty.

Recently completed is the Nephrology Clinical Research Center.  The facility is adjacent to the Kidney Center Clinic and will contain resources and will conduct large scale clinical trials.  Completed description of this facility can be found below. 

The clinical Nephrology program at UVA involves 2 years of training at the University of Virginia Hospital. The training experience includes inpatient consultation services, management of end stage renal disease, transplantation Nephrology, and outpatient Nephrology clinical activities. The outpatient dialysis population consists of approximately 300 patients including both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Many of our hemodialysis patients will receive treatment in our new dialysis unit in the Kidney Center. Our patients are referred from Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Tennessee. The Division of Nephrology at UVA maintains satellite dialysis for the university in Fisherville, Zion's Crossroad and Orange, Virginia.

The 24 month curriculum consists of 3-5 months of acute inpatient consultation, 3-5 months of chronic inpatient service, 4-6 months of outpatient dialysis, 4-6 months of transplantation, 6-7 months of elective time and 2 months of vacation. During the elective months fellows may receive additional training and experience in the areas of Pediatric Nephrology, renal histopathology, radiology, ultrasonography, Urology, transplantation, and clinical/laboratory research.

Typically our teaching activities include several conferences held throughout the week.  Our conference schedule is outlined below. 

1. Renal Grand Rounds - Monday, 8:00-9:00 AM., Kidney Center Conference Room, 5rd floor, Hospital West, Rm 5101
2. Journal Club/Biopsy Conference - Tuesday, 7:30-8:30 AM., Kidney Center Conference Room, 5rd floor, Hospital West, Rm 5101
3. Transplant Conference - Friday, 8:00-9:00 a.m., Transplant Clinic Conference Room, 1st floor Davis Building
4. Medicine Grand Rounds - Monday, 12:30-1:30 p.m., New Jordan Auditorium
5. Fellows Conference - Friday, 1:00-2:00 p.m., Kidney Center Conference Room, 5rd floor, Hospital West, Rm 5101

Combined adult and pediatric Renal Grand Rounds is held on Monday morning at 8:00 AM. This conference is coordinated jointly by the Nephrology fellows and faculty. Interesting cases encountered in the hospital and clinic are presented and the evaluation and treatment plans are researched and discussed. The first Monday of each month is reserved for the presentation of faculty-sponsored research projects within the Division and from other institutions. A list of recent invited speakers can be found towards the end of the booklet.

Journal Club is held on Tuesday at 7:30 AM. The purpose of journal club is to develop the ability to critically analyze data reported in the literature. In general, papers are presented and discussed from high quality clinical journals (New England Journal of Medicine, Kidney International, Annals of Internal Medicine, Lancet, Transplantation), and basic science journals (Nature, J. Biol. Chem., Cell, Science, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci., J. of Clin. Invest. Am. J. Physiol.). Once a month Dr. Frank Harrell, Professor and Director of Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Health Evaluations Sciences participates in the analysis of study designs and biostatistics. The last Tuesday of each month is reserved for Renal Biopsy Conference. This conference is arranged by the faculty and attended jointly by adult and pediatric Nephrology, as well as pathology (Dr. Tung & Sturgill). Renal biopsies performed during the month are reviewed and discussed.

Medical Grand Rounds is held on Monday at 12:30 PM. Faculty from UVA as well as other institutions are invited to discuss clinical topics in medicine. Several times a year Nephrology faculty are asked to present at Grand Rounds. Moreover, internationally recognized Nephrology faculty are invited as visiting professors (see list under Visiting Professors).

Transplantation Conference is held on Friday at 8:00 AM. Members attend this conference from multiple subspecialties including Gastroenterology, Cardiology, Surgery and Nephrology. Topics in transplantation are presented and discussed by faculty and fellows.

Fellows Conference is held on Friday at 1:00 p.m. Various topics in clinical Nephrology, theoretical and practical aspects of dialysis, electrolyte, fluid and acid-base disorders, and transplantation Nephrology are discussed. Over a period of two years major topics on the Nephrology Subspecialty Board will have been covered. Moreover during the summer months the fellows conference will include a core topics (evaluation of renal function, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, renal physiology, immunobiology and transplantation).

Following two years of training, the trainee will have confidence in evaluating and managing patients with a wide variety of kidney disorders, and have had in-depth training in acute and chronic dialysis, continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration/dialysis, renal biopsy, Tenchkoff catheter placement and apheresis. Each fellow performs over 20 renal biopsies during his/her training period.

In Patient Consult Rotation:  Fellows Curriculum 
 
I. General Description: 

• During the 2-year fellowship, each fellow will spend 3-5 one-month rotations on the inpatient consult service.
• The Nephrology acute consult fellow is responsible for the initial evaluation and subsequent management of all hospitalized patients referred for consultation excluding chronic dialysis patients, who will be followed by the chronic inpatient fellow.  The acute consult fellow should oversee all patients on the service, including those being followed by medicine residents and medical students.
• The timing and frequency of rounds is at the discretion of the renal consult attending on service.
• On call schedule: 
  1. The acute consult fellow and chronic inpatient fellow each take 2 weeks of call per one month rotation.
  2. Each of two medicine residents will take first call for one week (including a weekend), during which the fellow will be second call.
• During the rotation, the fellow is expected to maintain attendance and participation in all conferences, as well as maintaining their usual half-day of clinic.

II. Goals and Objectives: 

1. Become familiar with renal anatomy and physiology in normal and aging humans.
2. Understand the pathogenesis, complications, and management of: 

1. Disorders of fluid and electrolytes water sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus balance
2. Acid-base balance
3. Acute renal failure
4. Chronic renal failure
5. Nutritional aspects of renal failure
6. Urinary tract infection
7. Metabolic bone disease (osteitis fibrosa cystica, aluminum bone disease, osteomalacia, and beta-2 microglobulin).
8. Nephrolithiasis
9. Isolated hematuria
10. Isolated non-nephrotic proteinuria
11. Nephrotic and nephritic syndrome and the renal vascular diseases listed in the histopathology rotation goals and objectives
12. Tubulointerstitial diseases (pyelonephritis, reflux nephropathy, acute and chronic interstitial nephritis, gouty nephropathy, polycystic kidney disease).
13. Pregnancy-induced renal disease (preeclampsia, post partum renal  failure and those renal diseases exacerbated by pregnancy).
14. Drug metabolism and dosing in renal failure.
15. Essential, malignant, and secondary forms of hypertension.

• Become familiar with the indications for, management, and complications of various modes of dialysis to include hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis (CAPD, CCPD, Tidal PD), and continuous dialytic therapies.  Become familiar with the indications for, management, and complications of therapeutic apheresis.
• Understand the indications for and interpretation of radiologic tests of the kidney and urinary tract to include IVP, renal US, CT scan and radio nucleotide scans; also dye study of vascular access.
• Procedures

1. Become familiar with the indications, technique, potential complications and/or interpretation of the following: 

   a. Urinalysis and urinary sediment
   b. Acute hemodialysis catheters
   c. Percutaneous biopsy of the native kidney 
   d. Bone biopsy 
   e. Renal ultrasound, duplex ultrasonography 
   f. Tenchkoff catheter placement 
   g. Apheresis
   

2. Each fellow is responsible for keeping an updated log of procedures performed, countersigned by the appropriate attending.  A log of all kidney biopsies should be kept.  Log of other procedures should be kept until proficiency is obtained, and then signed by an attending certifying the fellow to perform the procedure without supervision.

III. Recommended reading and references. 

A. Brenner and Rector: The Kidney. 
B. Burton David Rose: Clinical Physiology of Acid-base and Electrolyte Disorders. 
C. Burton David Rose: Pathophysiology of Renal Disease. 
D. Daugirdas and Ing: Handbook of Dialysis. 
E. Nissenson and Fine: Dialysis Therapy. 
F. Jacob Churg: Renal Disease: Atlas of Glomerular Disease
G. Journals: Kidney International, American Journal of Kidney Disease, NEJM, Annals of Internal Medicine. 
H. Others as suggested by Nephrology Faculty

Outpatient Rotation 

I. General Description 

A. During their two years, Nephrology fellows will spend 4-6 months on the out-patient rotation. 

B. Responsibilities * 

1. Initial evaluation and management of all walk-in patients in the Kidney Center (KC) Clinic.
2. Initial evaluation and management of KC dialysis patients with clotted vascular accesses, to include placement of temporary dialysis catheter if necessary.
3. Peritoneal dialysis clinic Wednesday mornings.
4. Transplant clinic Monday or Thursday mornings.
5. First call for patient problems in the KC dialysis unit when the nurse practitioner is out of town.
6. Involvement and responsibility for other issues/problems in the KC dialysis unit as directed by the outpatient attending.
7. To become familiar with economic and business issues pertaining to the practice of nephrology.
8. To spend 1 month at one of our satellite dialysis units in order to obtain experience in a facility remote from the University

* All patients seen will be discussed with the outpatient attending nephrologist, except in the transplant clinic where they will be discussed with the transplant attending nephrologist. 

C. Call schedule: Nephrology fellows do not take calls during their outpatient rotations. 

D. Clinic and conferences: Participation and attendance in the previously described Nephrology conferences is expected.

II. Goals and Objectives 

1. A. Become familiar with the equipment as well as the procedures and techniques involved in chronic hemodialysis: 
   1. Participate in the set-up, use, and breakdown of a hemodialysis machine under the supervision of one of the dialysis nurses.  This may be done over a period of 1-5 days depending on the interest of the fellow.
   2. Become familiar with the principles and techniques of dialyzer reuse.
      
   B. Become familiar with the principles and practice of chronic hemodialysis: 
   
   1. Evaluation and selection of patients for chronic hemodialysis, as well as, counseling regarding dialytic options.
   2. Selection and maintenance of an appropriate dialysis prescription to include assessment of adequacy of dialysis (Kt/V) and nutrition (PCR).
   3. Evaluation and management of acute complications of dialysis to include hypotension, chest pain, dyspnea, muscle cramps, first use syndrome, vascular access problems, etc.
   4. Evaluation and therapy of long-term complications including metabolic bone disease, neuropathy, arthropathy, cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and anemia.
   5. Drug dosing and modification during hemodialysis.
   6. Indications, placement, and complications of acute hemodialysis catheters.
   7. Indications, performance, and complications of bone biopsy for metabolic bone disease.
   8. Understand dialysis water treatment and delivery systems.
   9. Become familiar with artificial kidneys, including the issues of biocompatibility and reuse.
   10. Observe the placement of a vascular access in the O.R. with Dr. Schenk's Orange Surgery team.

    

   C. Become familiar with the principles, practice, and procedures of peritoneal dialysis: 
   
   1. Evaluation and selection of patients for peritoneal dialysis.
   2. Recognize the advantages/disadvantages of the different peritoneal catheters.
   3. Understand the differences and advantages/disadvantages between CAPD, CCPD, IPD, and tidal peritoneal dialysis.
   4. Understand and write an appropriate peritoneal dialysis prescription.
   5. Assessment of peritoneal dialysis efficacy using the peritoneal equilibration tests (PET).
   6. Assessment of adequacy of peritoneal dialysis using Kt/V.
   7. Evaluation and therapy of infectious complications to include peritonitis, exit site infections, and tunnel infections.
   8. Evaluation and management of long-term complications including low back pain, hernias, and pleural effusions.
   9. Understand the special nutritional requirements of peritoneal dialysis.
   10. Drug dosing and modification during peritoneal dialysis.
   11. Observe the placement of a Tenchkoff peritoneal dialysis catheter.

 III. Recommend Texts 

1. Nissenson and Fine, Dialysis Therapy
2. Dangirdas and Ing, Handbook of Dialysis
3. Gokal and Nolph, Textbook of Peritoneal Dialysis

Chronic Inpatient Rotation 

I. General Description 

A.  During the 2 year fellowship, each fellow will spend 3-5 one month rotations on the chronic inpatient service. 
B. The Nephrology chronic inpatient fellow is responsible for the initial evaluation and subsequent management of all hospitalized chronic dialysis patients (hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis).  He/she will work in concert with the ward residents and medical students as well as the Nephrology patient care coordinator to provide the necessary care, and will be overseen by the Nephrology/Medicine ward attending. 
C. The timing and frequency of rounds is at the discretion of the Nephrology/Medicine ward attending. 
D. On-call schedule: The chronic inpatient fellow takes 2 weeks of 1st call for the consult service (sharing it with the acute consult fellow) during each one month rotation. 
E. Attendance and participation in the previously listed conferences is expected.

II. Goals and Objectives 
 

Refer to those listed under “Outpatient Rotation”. 
 

Transplant Rotation 

I. General Description:  The Fellow will gain experience in the initial work-up of transplant candidates and long-term follow-up. 

A. During the two years, Nephrology fellows will spend a total of  4-6 months (one month rotations) on the transplant service, usually equally divided between the first and second years. 
B. Responsibilities include the initial evaluation, management, and follow-up of patients on the inpatient transplant service, including pre and post-transplant care. 
C. Fellows will also participate in Transplant Clinic one half-day per week during their Transplant rotations.   This will be in addition to the regularly scheduled half-day of Nephrology Clinic. 
D. Call schedule:  Nephrology fellow takes call for nephrologic problems on the transplant service during the month of the rotation, including weekends. 
E. Clinic and conferences:  Participation and attendance in the usual scheduled clinic and conferences is expected.

II. Goals and Objectives: Become familiar with the principles and practice of the following: 

1. Selection and evaluation of transplant candidates
2. Pre-operative evaluation of prospective transplant recipients and prospective organ donors.
3. Organ harvesting and preservation.
4. Post-operative management of transplant recipients, including immunosuppressive therapy.
5. Diagnosis and therapy of all forms of rejection including hyperacute, acute cellular, acute vascular, and chronic rejection, to include the interpretation of Doppler ultrasound, radio nucleotide scans, and renal histopathology.
6. Biology and immunology of histocompatibility testing.
7. Mechanism of action and use of immunosuppressive agents.
8. Recognition and management of short and long-term complications of transplantation such as post-operative complications, infectious complications, etc.
9. Psychosocial issues in of organ donation and transplantation.
10. Long-term care and follow-up transplanted patients in the ambulatory setting.

III. Recommended Texts 

A. Massry and Glassock, Textbook of Nephrology 
B. Danovitch, Handbook of Kidney Transplantation

Histopathology Rotation: 

I. General Description 

The fellow will spend one month examining real biopsy specimens with renal pathology faculty (Sturgill/Tung).  The fellow will be responsible for examining biopsy specimens obtained during the month.  In addition the fellow will review other biopsy specimens that are in the teaching file.

II. Goals and Objectives 

A. Become familiar with the preparation of renal biopsy specimens: 

1. Type of solutions used for light (LM), immunofluorescence (IF), and  electron microscopy (EM) specimens immediately post-biopsy.
2. The basics of specimen preparation for LM, IF, and EM.

B. Explain the uses and advantages of specific stains to include hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid schiff, Trichrome (Masson), silver-stains, elastin stain, congo red, methyl violet, thioflavine T, immunoperoxidase staining. 

C. Recognize the histopathologic characteristics of normal kidney on LM, IF, and EM. 

D. Recognize the histopathologic characteristics of the following disease states on LM, IF, and EM (using a combination of actual cases and teaching slides). 

1. Minimal change disease.
2. Focal glomerulosclerosis
3. Membranoproliferative GN
4. Membranous GN
5. World Health Organization classes of lupus nephritis
6. IgA nephropathy
7. Diabetic nephropathy
8. Amyloidosis
9. Myeloma kidney
10. Crescentic GN to include Wegener's granulomatosis, PAN, and idiopathic RPGN
11. Anti-GBM disease
12. Post-infections GN (especially PSGN and SBE)
13. Renal vasculitis
14. Scleroderma kidney
15. Hypertensive nephropathy/nephrosclerosis
16. Thrombotic microangiopathy
17. Interstitial nephritis, chronic and acute
18. Acute tubular necrosis
19. Transplant 
    a.  Acute cellular rejection 
    b.  Acute vascular rejection 
    c.  Cyclosporine toxicity
    

E. Obtain adequate clinical background and information from the appropriate nephrologist submitting the specimen to allow optimal interpretation of the biopsy. 

F. Upon completion of the rotation, a 45-60 minute presentation of cases and discussion that demonstrates the acquisition of the above knowledge.  This can be done at Renal Grand Rounds where biopsy interpretation is part of a case presentation and discussion. 

G. Recommended Text and Reading 

1. Renal Disease:  Atlas of Glomerular Diseases by Jacob Churg
2. Tischer and Brenner, Renal Pathology
3. Those suggested by Dr. Sturgill or Dr. Tung.

Pediatric Nephrology Rotation 

I.  General Description 

A. One month during the second year of Adult Nephrology Fellowship will be spent in Pediatric Nephrology.  During that time the participant will function as a clinical Pediatric Nephrology fellow, assuming responsibility for the care of both inpatients and outpatients under the direction of the Pediatric Nephrology attending staff.

II. Goals and Objectives 

A. Attend and participate in Pediatric Nephrology conferences, as well as Renal Grand Rounds and Journal Club/Biopsy Conference with Adult Nephrology. 

B. Become familiar with the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, management, and therapy of the following: 

1. Acute renal failure in children
2. Hematuria, to include the following specific diseases.
   a. Post-Streptococcal GN
   b. IgA nephropathy 
   c. Sickle cell nephropathy 
   d. Familial hematuric syndromes to include Alport's Syndrome and benign familial hematuria. 
   e. Henoch-Schönlein purpura 
   f. Hypercalciuria
   
3. Nephrotic Syndrome
4. Childhood and adolescent hypertension
5. Vesicoureteral reflux
6. Other disease states encountered during the rotation

C. Understand the different problems and management of uremia in children with reference to:

1. presentation of uremia
2. mode of dialysis
3. complications of uremia and dialysis

D. Understand the principles and management of children in reference to transplantation, including evaluation, immediate post-transplant care, and long-term follow-up. 

E. Recommended texts and reading 

1. Malcolm Holliday: Pediatric Nephrology, (ed.)
2. Those suggested by the Pediatric Nephrology faculty.

 Research Training 

For those individuals pursuing an investigational career, the Division also provides a 2-3 year training track combining both clinical Nephrology and research in clinical Nephrology or basic science.  The emphasis of the research program is aimed at providing rigorous training in several areas: molecular and cellular physiology of renal epithelial cells, immunology of diabetes, glomerular disease and transplantation immunobiology.  The trainee will pursue a specific project under the direct supervision of one or more members of the research training faculty.  Results of the trainees investigations will be reported periodically at a divisional research conference, held monthly, and at national meetings.  Sponsor supported projects include: 

1. Treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
2. Prevention and treatment of complications of  diabetic patients w/ ESRD on HD.
3. Wallstent venous endoprosthesis study; safety and efficacy study of implantable stent in  HD access patients.
4. Study to evaluate the renal protective effects of  ACE inhibition in patients w/ type 2 DM and nephropathy.
5. Comparison of effects of an AT1 receptor antagonist and ACE inhibitor on changes in GFR, RAS, and serum potassium levels in patients w/ renal insufficiency.
6. Urea clearance in HD patients using two dialyzers in parallel.
7. IV iron supplementation in CRF patients with iron deficiency anemia not on HD.
8. Access devices; safety and effectiveness in chronic HD.
9. Study to compare safety and efficacy  of recombinant erythropoietin in HD patients.
10. Comparison study of safety and effectiveness of  Epogen and HMR-4396 for treatment of  anemia in patients with CRF on HD.
11. Pharmacokinetic and drug disposition in patients w/ impaired renal function and subjects with normal renal function.
12. Long-term studies on the use of AT, reception antagonists
13. Effects of Cytochrome P450 on the therapeutic effects of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers – ARB’s.
14. Study of Vasopressin  reception antagonist in hospitalized Patients with hyponatremia.
15. CRI
16. Anemia in ERI
17. Membranous glomerulopathy
18. Iohexol as a marker for middle molecules in hemodialysis patients
19. Calcimimetic Agent in HO
20. Type 2 DM/PPAR antagonist
21. Renal vs Normals Pharmacokinetic of donepezil
22. Dialysis access device in hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis
23. Microalbuminuria/eplerinone
24. Rosiglitazone
25. Arthritis Study

 Laboratory Investigation

The University of Virginia Nephrology Clinical Research Center has been involved in research for 26 years. We focus on all research phases. Our therapeutic specialties include the following: Diabetic nephropathy, hypertension, anemia and renal disease, pharmacokinetics of therapeutic agents, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, therapeutic apheresis and other extracorporeal therapy, chronic renal disease, proteinuria, glomerulonephritis. 

The NCRC is a modern, state of the art clinical research center that includes 2,300 sq. ft of newly renovated space that consists of examination rooms, clinical laboratory, conference room, offices for coordinators, faculty and staff.  Additionally, on the same floor, there is 21,000 sq ft of additional clinical research space in the University of Virginia Kidney Center.  This area consists of combined hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, educational facilities, outpatient clinic, procedure area, faculty, fellows and support staff. 

We have a CCRC certified administrator, several nurse practitioners who are entirely or mostly dedicated to clinical research, as well as research assistants, technicians and dialysis nurses. 

The University of Virginia General Clinical Research Center.  This University of Virginia Clinical Research Center, an internationally recognized NIH-sponsored center opened in April 1968. This center is located on the 8th Floor West of the University Hospital of the University of Virginia Health System. The GCRC provides specialized resources necessary to conduct advanced clinical research.  These resources include:  ten inpatient beds, skilled research nurses, a core assay laboratory, a metabolic kitchen, outpatient facilities, computing and statistical consultants and facilities, and sleep and exercise physiology laboratories. 

The Department of Health Evaluation Sciences (DHES). The Department of Health Evaluation Sciences (DHES) was established in November 1995, to provide scientific and analytical services to the Health System and the remainder of the University Community.  DHES focuses on the discovery and development of new approaches and research strategies for health and disease description, prognosis, clinical and genetic risk assessment, information transfer, biostatistical and epidemiological research, medical decision-making, and medical practice delivery for individuals and populations.  DHES will provide close integration and support of research activities within our own Nephrology Clinical Research Center. 

ABDEL-RAHMAN, Emaad 
Dr. Abdel-Rahman joined the faculty in August 1996 after completing his nephrology training at University of Wisconsin, Madison. While his primary responsibilities are concentrated on outpatient hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients in satellite UVA dialysis centers in Fishersville, Zion Crossroads and Orange, along with the Kidney Center at UVA, he will be participating in inpatient and research activities. His main research interests are delaying progression of renal disease and improving quality of life for dialysis patients.

Abdel-Rahman EM, Wakeen M, Zimmerman SW. Characteristics of long-term peritoneal dialysis survivors: 18 years experience in one center. Peritoneal Dialysis International. 17 (2): 151-6, 1997 Mar-Apr.

Abdel-Rahman EM, Moorthy AV. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) in patients with eating disorders. Clinical Nephrology. 47(2): 106-11, 1997 Feb.

Millat LJ, Abdel-Rahman EM, Siragy HM. Angiotensin II and nitric oxide: a question of balance. Regulatory Peptides. 81 (1-3): 1-10, 1999 May 31.

BOLTON, W. Kline 
Dr. Bolton received his training at the Boston City Hospital (Harvard II-IV), followed by a Nephrology Fellowship at University of Chicago. He is interested in both clinical nephrology and utilization of experimental models to understand the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis. Clinical activities include participation in multi-center prospective trails of agents of use in renal disorders including diabetes, diabetic sclerosis, and hypertension. Investigational interests in mechanisms of glomerulonephritis are focused on the role of cells in pathogenesis using both in vivo and in vitro models. Current work focuses on an experimental model of autoimmune glomerulonephritis in rats which appears similar to Goodpasture's syndrome in humans. Work is concentrated on defining the antigen(s) responsible for induction of the disease in the rat model, further clarifying genetic and other influences involved in the production of the disease, with extrapolation of this information to humans. Future studies will be directed to developing peptides, which may be capable of blocking the initiation of progression of glomerulonephritis in Goodpastures syndrome. The work involves use of animals, collection of urines, techniques of kidney biopsies in animals, tissue sectioning, biochemical determinations, work with monoclonal antibodies, in vitro cell culture and a variety of immunologic assays.

Koenig KG and Bolton WK. Clinical evaluation and management of immune renal disease: Proteinuria and hematuria. Immunologic Renal Diseases, Raven Press, editors: E.G. Neilson and W.G. Couser. Chapter 37, pp 805-835, 1997.

Powers KM, WIlkowski MJ, Hemandollar AW, Koenig KG, Bolton, WK: Improved urea reduction ratio and Kt/V in large hemodialysis patients using two dialyzers in parallel. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 35 (2): 266-74, 2000.

ISAACS, Ross 
Dr. Isaacs joined the faculty in September 1993.  He received his Nephrology fellowship training and Intensive Care training at Stanford University.  Following his training at Stanford he pursued a Transplantation Fellowship with Dr. Fred Belzer and Dr. John Pirsch at the University of Wisconsin.  Both Dr. Lobo and Dr. Isaacs will run the Medical Transplantation service.  Dr. Isaacs is also involved in improving access and outcome for minorities in transplantation, clinical trials employing new immunosuppressive agents, as well as minimizing cardiac complications in organ transplant recipients. 

Isaacs R, Nock S, Spencer C, Connors, Jr A, Lobo P: Racial Disparities in Renal Transplant Outcomes. American Journal of Kidney Diseases Vol. 34, No 4 1999, pp 706-712.

Isaacs R, Nock S, Spencer C, Connors, Jr. A, Lobo P: Failure of noncompliance to predict graft survival ion LRD renal transplant recipients. Transplantation Proceedings 31 (Suppl 4A): 19S-20S, 1999.

KOENIG, Karl G. 
Dr. Koenig is a clinical Nephrologist whose efforts are concentrated on the in-patient consultation service, the Kidney Center Clinic(outpatient service), out-patient hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.  He is  co-director of the Nephrology fellowship program, Director of the Home Training Dialysis Program (Peritoneal Dialysis),  Renal Unit, and the Therapeutic Apheresis Program. 

Areas of interest include calcium and vitamin D metabolism and nephrolithiasis. Outpatient metabolic evaluations of nephrolithiasis patients take place in the Kidney Center Clinic and have been incorporated into the fellowship training program. This is just part of the growing outpatient clinical experience that has evolved since the inception of the Kidney Center. This and other clinical activities provide diverse opportunities for staff and fellows to pursue areas of clinical interest and research. 

Stea S,  Batchelor T, Cooper M, de Souza P, Koenig K and Bolton WK.. Disposition and bioavailability of Cefazadime after intraperitoneal administration in patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 7:2399-2402, 1996. 

Koenig KG and Bolton WK.  Clinical evaluation and management of hematuria and proteinuria; in Immunologic Renal Diseases, Neilson EG and Couser WG, ed. Lippincott-Raven Publishers, Philadelphia, 1997. 

LAM, Mildred 
Dr. Lam joined the nephrology division in August 1996.  She received her MD from Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland.  She completed her internal medicine training at Cleveland Metropolitan General Hospital (now MetroHealth Medical Center), and nephrology training at Cleveland Metro and at U of Oklahoma Health System.  Following her nephrology fellowship in Oklahoma, she returned to Cleveland Metro as a faculty member of Case Western Reserve.  Her main interest has been medical education, and she has participated in teaching all levels of medical students and housestaff.  She participates in the teaching of renal physiology for first-year medical students, and has helped to revise the renal section of the introductory clinical medicine course for second-year students.   Her particular interests are renal physiology, fluid and electrolyte disorders, and clinical nephrology. She also serves as co-medical director of a satellite dialysis unit in Staunton, VA. 

Lam M: Acid base and Electrolyte Disorders; Genitourinary Systems (chapters). Im Adler SN, Gasbarra D, Alder-Kelin D (eds): A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis (4th ed). Phil: Lippincott-Raven, 2000.

Powers K, Lam M: Renal Problems (chapter). In Logan P (ed): Principles of Practice for the Acute Care Nurse Practitioner. Stamford, CT: Appleton & Lange, 1999.

LOBO, Peter I. 
Dr. Peter Lobo, is the Medical Director of Renal Transplantation and is the Director of the Histocompatibility Laboratory.  Dr. Lobo has a longstanding interest in both clinical transplantation and basic research.  Current active clinical investigations involve an attempt to understand the mechanisms underlying antibody mediated liver and renal allograft rejection and the significance of post-transplantation anti-HLA antibodies.  In the area of basic sciences, Dr. Lobo's laboratory is studying:  1) The role of cell surface HLA molecules in protecting tumor cells from NK mediated cytolysis.  2) The functional role of the Fc domain in modulating IgG isotype effector function. 3)  The role of gamma globulins in modulating the humoral immune system. 

Lobo PI, Chang MY and Mellins E.  Mechanisms by which HLA-class II molecules protect human B lymphoid tumor cells against NK- and LAK-mediated cytolysis.  Immunology 88 (4): 625-9, 1996. 

Lobo  PI, Spencer CE,  Isaacs RB and  McCullough C.  Hyperacute  renal allograft rejection from anti-HLA class 1 antibody to B cells--antibody detection by two color FCXM was possible only after using pronase-digested donor lymphocytes.  Transplant Int. 10(1): 69-73, 1997. 

OKUSA, Mark D. 
Dr. Mark Okusa received his clinical nephrology and basic science training at Yale University between 1985-1991. His NIH funded work is focused on the role of adenosine receptors in renal tissue protection. His laboratory has established a model of ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats and mice. These studies are aimed at determining: 1) the contribution of inflammatory cells and endothelial cells to ischemia/reperfusion injury, 2) the mechanisms of cytokine regulation in ischemia/reperfusion injury 3) therapeutic strategies that target neutrophils and/or cytokines and 4) Regulation of MHC-I and II molecules by adenosine receptors. A variety of molecular, cell biological and physiological techniques are employed in his laboratory. He is a founding member of Adenosine Therapeutics, LLC, a company that focuses on adenosine receptors as therapeutic targets. Dr. Okusa collaborates with a number of investigators within the institution and outside the institution.

Okusa, MD, L. Linden, J., TL Macdonald, and L. Huang. Selective A2A adenosine receptor activation during reperfusion protects kidney from ischemia reperfusion injury. Am J. Physiol. (Renal Physiol.) 277: F404-412. 1999.

Okusa, MD, J. Linden, L. Huang, J.M. Reiger, T.L. Macdonald, and L. P. Huynh. A2A Adenosine receptor mediated inhibition of ischemia reperfusion injury and neutrophil adhesion in rat and mouse kidneys. In press 2000.

MANGRUM, Amy
Dr. Amy Mangrum received her internal medicine training at Rush Presbyterian - St. Luke's Hospital in Chicago, followed by a Nephrology Fellowship at the University of Virginia between 1996-2000. She is interested in both clinical and molecular aspects of hypertension and diabetic nephropathy. Investigational interests focuses on the molecular and physiological mechanisms that control renin-angiotensin-mediated hypertension. In the laboratory, molecular and whole animal physiological techniques are used to address the kidneys role in regulating blood pressure. In particular, she is looking at the role of angiotensin type 1A receptor in renal sodium handling and the pressure natriuresis relationship contributions to long-term regulation of blood pressure.

Mangrum A, Bakris GL, Predictors of Renal and Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients with non-insulin Dependent Diabetes: A Brief Overview of Microalbuminuria and Insulin Resistance. Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications 11(2): 112-122, 1997.

Bakris GL, Mangrum A, Copley JB, Vickniar N, Sadler S: Effects of Calcium Channel or b-Blockage on the Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy in African Americans. Hypertension 29: 744-750, 1997.

Okusa MD, Huang L, Momose-Hotokezaka A, Huynh L, Mangrum AJ: Regulation of Adenylyl Cyclase by G-Protein Coupled Receptors in Polarized Renal Epithelial Cells. Am J Physiol. 273 (Renal Physiol. 42) 273: F883-F891, 1997.

OBRIG, Tom G. 
Having joined the faculty this year, Dr. Obrig’s research focuses on the cellular biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of E. coli 0157:H7-associated acute renal injury.  He received his Ph.D. degree at the University of Illinois followed by an NIH postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Texas and a Penn Plan Fellowship at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.  Dr. Obrig’s research has established that Shiga toxins produced by E. coli 0157 have as their primary target vascular endothelial cells, and that human renal glomerular endothelial cells are particularly sensitive to the Shiga toxins.  Ongoing NIH-funded research projects are designed to: 1) reveal how host cytokines sensitize endothelial cells to the Shiga toxins, 2) describe the intracellular signal transduction pathways and gene activation involved in upregulation of receptors for Shiga toxins on endothelial, cells, and 3) define the coagulation factors that are important in development of glomerular microvascular occlusion in E. coli-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS).  The goals of these studies are to provide modes of prevention and therapeutic intervention for HUS disease of humans.  Fully staffed, the research environment of this laboratory includes postdoctorates, technicians, foreign visiting and domestic research fellows. 

Pickering LK, Obrig T, Stapleton FB (1994): Hemolytic uremic syndrome and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coll. Ped Infec Dis J 13-459-476.

Louise CB, Moran TP, Lingwood CA, Del Vecchio PJ, Culp DJ, Obrig TG (1995) Binding of Shiga-like toxin-1 to human endothelial cells: implications for the pathogenesis of Shiga toxin-associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Endothelium 3: 159-170.

Louise CB, Kaye SA, Boyd B, Lingwood CA, Obrig TG (1995) Shiga toxin - associated hemolytic uremic syndrome: Effect of sodium butyrate on sensitivity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells to Shiga toxin. Infect. Immin. 63:3766-2769

CHEVALIER, Robert L. 
Congenital urinary tract obstruction accounts for most cases of renal insufficiency in the infant. Using experimental animal models of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), we have demonstrated that compared to the adult, the neonatal kidney is more susceptible to the injurious effects of ureteral obstruction. We are currently examining the role of growth factors and apoptosis (programmed cell death) in mediating the arrested renal growth due to ureteral obstruction. We are studying the regulation of apoptosis by the renin-angiotensin system, bcl, ceramide and oxidant injury. Our goal is to develop strategies to improve growth and development of the kidney subjected to UUO in the fetal or neonatal period.

Chevalier RL, Goyal S, Wolstenholme JT, Thornhill BA: Obstructive nephropathy in the neonatal rat is attenuated by epidermal growth factor. Kidney Int 54:38-47, 1998.

Fern RJ, Yesko CM, Thornhill BA, Kim HS, Smithies O, Chevalier RL. Reduced angiotensin expression attenuates renal interstitial fibrosis ischemia reperfusion injury. Am. J. Physiol. (Renal Pjysiol.) 277: F404-412. 1999.

CAREY, Robert M. 
Dr. Carey received his M.D. degree at Vanderbilt University and his residency training at the New York Hospital - Cornell Medical Center. His fellowship training was in endocrinology with Dr. Grant W. Liddle at Vanderbilt and in hypertension with Professor Sir W. Stanley Peart at the University of London (St. Mary's Hospital).

Dr. Carey is interested in the hormonal control of blood pressure, fluid and electrolyte balance and kidney function. His major research interests are in the mechanisms of paracrine hormone action within the kidney, specifically the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system and the dopaminergic system. Dr. Carey has an active program of cell biology and molecular biology with emphasis on genetic control and post transnational processing, packaging and secretion of prorennin and renin from renal juxtaglomerular cells. He is also interested in the cellular uptake and processing angiotensinogen within the kidney and the cellular formation and control of release of the angiotensin peptides. His interests in the dopaminergic system include regulation of dopamine formation and release by proximal tubular cells and the regulation of dopamine receptor function within the kidney. In addition to his cell and molecular studies, Dr. Carey has an active program of study of the role of the renal interstitium in the hormonal compartmentalization of these paracrine systems. He also has a program of clinical investigation of the renin-angiotensin and dopaminergic systems in the kidney.

Senbonmatsu T, Ichiki T, Inagami T, Carey, RM. Increased renal vasodilator prostanoids prevent hypertension in mice lacking the angiotensin subtype-2 receptor. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 104(2):181-8 1999

Carey RM, Wang ZQ, Siragy HM. Role of the angiotensin type 2 receptor in the regulation of blood pressure and renal function. Hypertension 35: 155-63 2000.

FELDER, Robin A. 
Dr. Felder received his B.S. in Chemistry at William and Mary in Virginia, followed by his Ph.D. in Biochemistry at Georgetown University, in Washington D.C. He did a postdoctoral fellowship at the National Institutes of health under the direction of John Kebabian noted for his work on central dopamine receptors and second messenger systems. Dr. Felder is currently an Associate Professor of Pathology, and Associate Director of Clinical activities include managing Special Chemistry, Intensive Care Laboratories, and the Robotics Research Laboratory within the Division of Clinical Chemistry. Investigational interests include all aspects of the renal adrenergic system. Current work focuses on the renal dopaminergic system and its relationship to essential hypertension. Work is being performed on the investigation of the potential role of a receptor defect in the pathogenesis of hypertension in animal models as well as in humans. A variety of techniques are being used to investigate the relationship between the renal adrenergic system and hypertension such as molecular biology, receptor pharmacology, second messenger assays, immunohistochemistry, and in-vivo pharmacology.

Mifflin TE, Estey CA, Felder RA. Robotic automation performs a nested RT-PCR analysis for HCV without introducing sample contamination. Clinical Chimica Acta. 290 (2): 199-211, 2000

Jose PA, EIsner GM, Felder RA. Role of dopamine in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology- Supplement. 26:S10-3, 1999

GOMEZ, R. Ariel 
The research in his laboratory focuses on the mechanisms that regulate renin gene expression and renin release in the developing kidney microvasculature. In the adult unstressed mammalian kidney, renin is synthesized and released by a small number of specialized smooth muscle cells (juxtaglomerular cells) located in the afferent arteriole at the entrance to the glomerulus. However, we have demonstrated that the vascular localization of renin synthesis, storage and release changes markedly during the process of growth and development of the kidney. Using immunocytochemical techniques, in situ hybridization histochemistry and other molecular biologic approaches, we showed that: 1) the fetal kidney expressed the renin gene, 2) expression of the renin gene is subjected to developmental changes, characterized by a decrease in a renin mRNA levels with maturation; and 3) as maturation progresses, the intrarenal distribution of renin and its encoding mRNA shift from large intrarenal arteries in the fetus to a classical, restricted juxtaglomerular site in the adult animal. This ontogenic changes in renin distribution may be of importance for the local (paracrine) regulation of perfusion pressure, glomerular growth and hemodynamics. We hypothesize that the enhanced expression of renin in early development is the result of DNA binding proteins interacting with the 5' flanking region of the renin gene. Using gel shift analysis we have identified several proteins that bind to the renin promoter. One of those proteins binds to DNA fragment that confers high luciferase expression in transient transfection assays.

A related effort in my laboratory is to characterize the cytosolic events that mediate expression of the renin gene and renin release in response to stimuli. We utilize single renal microvascular cells and the combination of two techniques: the reverse hemolytic plaque assay that allows the study of renin release by single cells, and simultaneous in situ hybridization for renin mRNA. Using these two techniques we have been able to demonstrate that neonatal renal microvascular cells have the capacity to release renin and to increase renin gene expression in response to activation of adenylate cyclase. Further studies are designed to define the regulatory proteins and DNA sequences involved in this response.

A separate effort in my laboratory involves defining the molecular and cellular mechanisms whereby the angiotensin receptor regulates nephrovascular growth and differentiation. In this regard we have demonstrated that the angiotensin II receptor, subtype 1 (AT1), is developmentally regulated. In the newborn rat, AT1 mRNA is broadly distributed in the nephrogenic cortex, glomeruli, and intrarenal vessels.

In adult rats, however, AT1 expression is restricted to glomeruli and vessels. The high expression in the nephrogenic cortex composed of cells from different lineages, suggests a role for this receptor in renal development. In fact, blockade of the receptor with DUP753 results in abnormal nephrogenesis and vascular development. Future studies will attempt to delineate the mechanisms whereby angiotensin-receptor interactions lead to orderly (spatially and temporally) phenotypic differentiation of the kidney.

Gomez RA, Serqueira Lopez ML, Fernandez L, Chernavvsky DR, Norwood VF: The maturing kidney: development and susceptibility. Renal Failure. 21 (3-4): 283-91, 1999. 

Gomez RA, Norwood VF. Recent advances in renal development. Current Opinion in Pediatrics 11(2): 135-40, 1999.

NORWOOD, Victoria F. 
Dr. Victoria Norwood, received her clinical pediatric nephrology training at Tulane University in New Orleans and her basic science research training at the University of Virginia where she joined the Division of Pediatric Nephrology in 1992.  Her current research interests center on the interactions between vasoactive compounds and their receptors in normal renal development.  Other ongoing studies include the role of angiotensin receptors in the pathogenesis of hypertension and obstructive uropathy.  A variety of biochemical and molecular biologic techniques, including metanephric organ culture, cell culture, and transgenic approaches are currently being used to evaluate mechanisms of action and regulation of angiotensin receptors and cyclooxygenases in the developing kidney. 

Norwood VF, Craig MR, Harris JM and Gomez RA. Differential expression of angiotensin II receptors during early renal morphogenesis. Am J Physiol 272(2 Pt 2): R662-8, , 1997 Feb. 

Norwood VF, Tufro-McReddie A and Gomez RA. Development of the renin-angiotensin system. In Fetal and Neonatal PhysioloU. edition 2. Edited by R. Polin and W. Fox  WB Saunders, 1997. 

TUFRO, Alda 
In collaboration with Drs. V.F. Norwood, R.A. Gomez, R.M. Carey and R.L. Chevalier current projects address the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors in glomerular vascularization and glomerular filtration barrier function.  The development of blood vessels is a major event in kidney morphogenesis, however, the molecular basis of angiogenesis in the kidney are unknown.  A role for soluble angiogenic factors has been postulated.  Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the best candidate for such a role because it is a secreted protein that induces endothelial cell proliferation in vitro and angiogenesis and vascular hyperpermeability in vivo.  The hypotheses tested are: 1) VEGF mediates glomerular angiogenesis, and 2) hypoxia mediates VEGF-induced angiogenesis.  These questions are addressed using PCR, in situ hybridization and immunocytochemical studies during ontogeny and in metanephric organ culture.  The angiogenic response is assessed by immunocytochemistry and intracellular signals are determined by Western blotting and PCR using pharmacological manipulations.  These experiments combining histochemical, cellular and molecular techniques will improve our understanding of glomerular vascularization and normal angiogenesis. The ability of VEGF to increase vascular permeability to macromolecules may play a role in the formation of glomerular basement membrane and in the maintenance of glomerular epithelial cell phenotype later on.  Alteration of normal expression of VEGF and/or its receptors may be the molecular basis of nephrotic syndrome.  This hypothesis is tested in the puromycin aminonucleoside model of nephrotic syndrome in adult and newborn rats using histochemical and molecular biology techniques. 

Tufro-McReddie A, Norwood VF, Aylor KW,  Botkin SJ and Gomez RA. Hypoxia regulates vascular endothelial growth factor - mediated nephrogenesis and vasculogenesis: Developmental Biology 183:139-149, 1997. 

Gomez RA,  Norwood VF and  Tufro-McReddie A. Development of the kidney vasculature. Microscopy Research and Techniques 39(3): 254-60, 1997 Nov 1. 

Name	Date	Venue	Title of Talk
Dr. David Ellison	February 3, 1997	Yale University	The Molecular Basis of Diuretic Therapy: Lessons for Treating the Resistant Patient
Dr. John Sedor	March 3, 1997	Case Western Reserve	Mesangial Cell Activation and IL-1 Signaling: Laying the Foundation for Novel Therapies of Inflammatory Tissue Injury
Dr. George Bakris	March 17, 1997	Rush St. Lukes Med. Ctr.	Blood Pressure Control and the Progression of Nephropathy: Are All Drugs Created Equally?
Dr. Bruce Molitoris	April 14, 1997	Indiana University	Ischemia Induced Actin Cytoskeletal Alterations: Pathophysiology if Proximal Tubular Cell Injury
Dr. Jill Lindberg	September 8, 1997	Ochsner Clinic	Metabolic Bone Disease in End Stage Renal Disease - Poppourri
Dr. Jeff Sands	October 7, 1997	Emory University	Regulation of Kidney Urea Transporters
Dr. Luciano Barajas	October 20, 1997	University of California	The Juxtaglomerular Apparatus: Anatomical Basis of Current Functional Concepts
Dr. L. Darryl Quarles	October 27, 1997	Duke University Medical Center	Novel Regulators of Bone Formation: Role of Calcium Sensing Receptors and Pex
William Baricos, PhD	December 9, 1997	Tulane University Medical School	Role of Decreased Matrix Proteolysis in Glomerulosclerosis
Allan Collons, MD	March 8, 1998	University of Minnesota	Of Iron and Blood
Dr. D. Craig Brater	March 23, 1998	Indiana University School of Medicine	Diuretic Resistance
Dr. Stuart Linas	May 18, 1998	University of Colorado	Renal Failure: Is the Endothelial Cell the Culprit?
Dr. Norman Siegel	May 29, 1998	Yale University	1998 Va Retreat Heat Shock Proteins in Renal Ischemia
Dr. Mark Ziedel	July 20, 1998	University of Pittsburgh	Renal Mechanism of Water Flow Across Biological Membranes
Dr. Hanna Abboud	February 1, 1999	University of Texas Health Sciences Center	Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor in renal Development and Disease
Dr. Peter Morsing	March 2, 1999	Lund University Lund, Sweden	Mechanistic Differences of Various Angiotensin II AT1 Receptor Blockers in Cells, in Isolated Vessels of Different Origin and in Invivo Experiments
Dr. Norman Kaplan	March 10, 1999	The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center	Hypertension
Dr. Henry Black	April 26, 1999	St. Luke's Medical Center	Clinical Trials in Hypertension - Is the Evidence as Solid as We Think?
Dr. Ronald J. Falk	April 27, 1999	University of North Carolina	Update on ANCA + Small Vessel Vasculitis
Dr. Alan Matsumoto	May 3, 1999	University of Virginia	Renovascular Hypertension and Insufficiency; Diagnosis & Therapy
Dr. Todd Gehr	May 17, 1999	MCV	What Nephrologists Need to Know About the New Anticoagulants
Dr. Jay Gillenwater	September 10, 1999	University of Virginia	Obstructive Uropathy
Dr. Wayne Border	October 14,1999	University of Utah	Role of TGFB in Renal Fibrosis
Dr. Morrell Avram	October 18,1999	Long Island College Hospital	Nutrition and Lipid in ESRD
Dr. Francisco Llach	December 1, 1999	University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey	Hyperphosphatemia: Pathophysiologic Considerations and Therapeutic Management
Dr. Domenic Sica	January 10, 2000	Medical College of Virginia	Cardiovascular Profile and events in the African American Population
Dr. Kevin Meyers	February 3, 2000	Children's Hospital of Philadelphia	Molecular Analysis of Goodpasture's Autoantibodies
John Sargent, PhD	February 14, 2000	Emeryville, California	Medical Information: Creating Knowledge from Data
Dr. Andras Mogyorosi	February 21, 2000	Medical College of Virginia	ACE Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists in Diabetic Nephropathy
Dr. Nicolas Guzman	February 28, 2000	Georgetown University	New Ideas on the Pathophysiology of Diabetic Kidney Disease
Dr. Anton Schoolwerth	March 13, 2000	Medical College of Virginia	ACE Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists in Diabetic Nephropathy
Dr. Hamid Rabb	April 3, 2000	University of Minnesota Medical School	Leukocytes and Leukocyte Adhesion Molecules in Renal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury
Dr. Sundaram Hariharan	April 10, 2000	Medical College of Wisconsin	Advances in Chronic Rejection
Dr. Michael Moore	May 12, 2000	Wake Forest University School of Medicine	Resistant Hypertension
Dr. Michael Ganz	May 15, 2000	Case Western Reserve University	The Role of Shuttling Proteins and Diabetic Nephropathy
Dr. Thomas Hostetter	May 26, 2000	University of Minnesota	9th Annual Virginia Retreat Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Progressive Renal Disease
Dr. Michael Flessner	June 5, 2000	University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry	Limiting Factors in the Subperitoneal Dialysis System
Dr. Diana Karpman	July 10, 2000	University of Lund Lund, Sweden	Experimental Models of HUS

 

 

RECENT FACULTY PUBLICATIONS 

(1993-2000)

Tufro-McReddie A, Johns DW, Geary KM, Dagli H, Everett AD, Chevalier RL, Carey RM and Gomez RA. Angiotensin II-1 receptor: role in renal growth and gene expression during normal development. Am J Physio 266:F911-F918, 1994.

Tufro-McReddie A, Romano LM, Harris JM, Ferder L and Gomez RA. Angiotensin II regulates nephrogenesis and renal vascular development. Am J Physiol 269:F110-F115, 1995.

Chevalier, RL: Loss of renal mass in the neonate. In Strauss, J., editor, Pediatric Nephrology in Perspective: Current Con-cepts in Diagnosis and Management. University of Miami, Miami, pp 19-32, 1995.

Chevalier RL, Thornhill BA: Ureteral obstruction in the neonatal guinea pig: Interaction of sympathetic nerves and angiotensin. Pediatr. Nephrol. 9:441-446, 1995.

Chevalier, RL: Dr. Gottschalk advanced our understanding of renal concentrating mechanism. UVa Medical Alum News 4(l):4-5, 1995.

Chevalier RL, Thornhill BA: Ureteral obstruction in the neonatal rat: renal nerves modulate hemodynamic effects. Pediatr. Ne-phrol. 9:447-450, 1995.

Chevalier RL: Effects of ureteral obstruction on renal growth. Semin Nephrol 15:353-360, 1995.

Chevalier RL: Loss of renal mass in the neonate. In Strauss J, editor, Pediatric Nephrology in Perspective: Current Concepts in Diagnosis and Management. University of Miami, Miami, pp 19-32, 1995.

Chevalier RL: Causes and consequences of neonatal urinary tract obstruction. In Strauss J, editor, Pediatric Nephrology in Perspective: Current Concepts in Diagnosis and Management. University of Miami, Miami, pp 87-100, 1995.

Chung KH, Gomez RA, Chevalier RL: Regulation of growth factors and clusterin by Angiotensin 11 (ANG 11) AT1 receptors (ATLR) during neonatal unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Am. J. Physiol. 268: Fl 1 17-F 1 123, 1995.

Chung KH, Gomez RA, Chevalier RL: Regulation of growth factors and clusterin by Angiotensin II (ANG II) AT1 receptors (ATLR) during neonatal unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Am. J. Physiol.. 268:Flll7-Fll23, 1995.

D.P. O'Connell, S.J. Botkin, S.I. Ramos, D.R. Sibley, M.A. Ariano, R.A. Felder and R.M. Carey. Localization of dopamine DIA receptor protein in rat kidneys.1995

H.M. Siragy, N.L. Howell, N.V. Ragsdale, R.M. Carey. Renal interstitial fluid angiontensin. Modulation by anesthesia, epinephrine, sodium depletion, and renin inhibition. Hypertension 25 (5):1021-4,1995.

Wilkowski MJ, W. K. Bolton. Autoantibodies and other autoimmune serologic abnormalities in dialysis patients. Seminars in Dialysis 8:226-31, 1995.

Lobo PI, Spencer CE, Stevenson WC, Prueft TL. Evidence demonstrating poor kidney graft survival when acute rejections are associated with IgG donor-specific lymphocytotoxin. Transplantation 59 (3):357-60, 1995.

McDowell KA, Chevalier RL, Thornhill BA, Norling LL: Unilateral ureteral obstruction increases glomerular soluble guanylyl cy-clase activity. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 6:1498-1503, 1995.

Muchant DG, Thornhill BA, Belmonte DC, Felder RA, Baertschi A, Chevalier RL: Chronic sodium loading augments the natriuretic response to acute volume expansion in the preweaned rat. Am. J. Physiol. 269:Rl5-R22, 1995.

Muchant DG, Belmonte DC, Garmey MJ, Baertschi AJ, Pence RA, Chevalier RL: Dietary sodium modulates neonatal but not adult cardiac artial natriuretic peptide in rats. Pediatr. Res. 37:310-315, 1995.

Muchant DG, Thomhill BA, Belmonte DC, Felder RA, Baertschi A, Chevalier RL: Chronic sodium loading augments the natriuretic response to acute volume expansion in the preweaned rat. Am.J. Physiol. 269:R15-R22,1995.

Muchant DG, Belmonte DC, Garmey MJ, Baertschi AJ, Pence RA, Chevalier RL: Dietary sodium modulates neonatal but not adult cardiac artial natriuretic peptide in rats. Pediatr. Res. 37:310-315,1995.

Ohbu K, Kaskel FJ, Knoshita S, Felder RA. Dopamine-1 receptors in the proximal convoluted tubule of Dahl rats: defective coupling to adenylate cyclase. American Journal of Physiology 268:R231-5,1995.

Okusa MD, Gottardi C, Caplan MJ: Expression of a protein in kidney and distal colon that is related to the gastric H,K-ATPase. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry. 5:1-9, 1995.

Siragy HM, Howell NL, Ragsdale NV, Carey RM. Sodium depletion modulates renal interstitial angiotensin II. Hypertension 25:1021-1024, 1995.

Siragy HM, Viewig WV, Pincus S, Veldhuis JD. Increased disorderliness and amplified basal and pulsatile aldosterone secretion in patients with primary aldosteronism. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 80:28-33, 1995.

Schneider BF, Brooks CH and Koenig KG. Membranous glomerulonephritis associated with testicular seminoma. J Inter Med 237:599-602, 1995.

Baker LA, Gomez RA: Embryonic development of the ureter: Acquisition of smooth muscle. JASN 7:1593, 1996.

Bolton WK. Goodpasture's Syndrome. Kidney Int. 50:1753, 1996.

Buck ML and Norwood VF: Ketorolac-induced acute renal failure in a previously healthy adolescent. Pediatrics 98:294-296, 1996.

Chevalier RL, Chung KH, Smith CD, Ficenec M, Gomez RA: Renal apoptosis and clustering following ureteral obstruction: the role of maturation. J.Urol. 156:1474-1479, 1996.

Chevalier RL and Spitzer A, eds.: Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Developmental Nephrology. Pediatr. Nephrol.,10:818-832, 1996

Chevalier, RL: Urinary tract obstruction in the newborn. In Cataldi L, Fanox V, and Simeoni U, editors: Neonatal Nephrology in Progress. Agora, Lecce, pp 95-101, 1996.

Chevalier RL, Chung KH, Smith CD, Ficenec M, Gomez RA: Renal apoptosis and clustering following ureteral obstruction: the role of maturation. J. Urol. 156:1474-1479, 1996.

Chevalier RL: Developmental renal physiology of the low birth weight/pre-term newborn. J. Urol. 156:714-719, 1996.

Chevalier RL, Fang GF, Garmey ML: Extracellular cyclic GMP inhibits transepithelial sodium transport by LLCPK1 renal tubular cells. Am. J. Physiol. 270:F283-F288, 1996.

Chevalier RL: Growth factors and apoptosis in neonatal ureteral obstruction. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 7:1098-1105, 1996.

Chevalier RL, Thornhill BA, Belmonte DC, Baertschi AJ: Endoge-nous angiotensin II inhibits natriuresis following acute volume expansion in the neonatal rat. Am. J. Physiol. 270:R393-R397, 1996.

Chevalier RL, Muchant DG, Thornhill BA, Belmonte DC, Pence RA, Baertschi AJ: Regulation of the renal response to atrial natriu-retic peptide by sodium intake in preweaned rats. Pediatr. Res. 40:294-299, 1996.

Chung KH, Chevalier RL: Arrested development of the neonatal kidney following chronicureteral obstruction. J. Urol. 155:1139-1144, 1996.

El-Dahr SS, Yosipiv IV, Muchant DG, Chevalier RL: Salt intake modulates the developmental expression of renal kallikrein and bradykinin B2 receptors. Am. J. Physiolo 270:F425-F431, 1996.

Henrich WL, Agodoa LE, Barrett B, Bennett WM, Blantz RC, Buckalew VM, D'Agati VD, DeBroe ME, Duggin GG, Eknoyan G, Elseviers MM, Gomez RA, Matzke GR, Porter GA, Sabatini S, Stoff JS, Striker GE, Winchester JF: Analgesics and the kidney: summary and recommendations to the Scientific Advisory Board of the National Kidney Foundation from an ad hoc committee of the National Kidney Foundation. Am J Kid Dis 27(l):162-65, 1996.

Inserra F, Romano LA, Decavanagh EMV, Ercole L, Ferder LF, Gomez RA: Renal interstitial sclerosis in aging. Effects of enalapril and nifedipine. JASN 7(S):676-680, 1996.

Lobo P, Chang, Ming-der Y, Mellins E: Observations that may add to our understanding on the mechanisms by which HLA-Class II molecules protest human B lymphoid tumor cells against NK and LAK mediated cytolysis. Immunology 88:625-629, 1996.

Lobo PI, Bolton WK. Idiopathic rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. In: Current Therapy in Internal Medicine (Ed: JP Kassirer, MD and HL Greene II, MD), C.V. Mosby Co., St. Louis, 1996.

Norling LL, Thornhill BA, Chevalier RL: Abnormal glomerular response to atrial natriuretic peptide in rats with an aortocaval fistula. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 7:1038-1044, 1996.

Norling L, Tufro-McReddie A, Gomez RA, Moore LC, Kaskel FJ: Accumulation of Acidic Renin Isoforms in Kidneys of Cyclosporine-A-Treated Rats. J. Am.Soc. Nephrol. 7:331-337,1996.

Pankewycz OG, Miao L, Isaacs R, Guan J Prueft T, Haussman G, Sturgill BC. Increased renal tubular expression of transforming growth factor beta in human allografts correlates with cyclosporine toxicity. Kidney International 50: 1634-1640, 1996.

Porres FG, Stevenson WC, Pruett TL, Lobo PI. Need for reduction of cyclosporine dose in renal transplantation patients with hypertriglyceridemia, but not hypercholesterolemia. Transplant International, 9:164-167, 1996.

Ray PE, McCune BK, Geary KM, Carey RM, Klotman PE, Gomez RA: Modulation of renin release and renal vascular smooth muscle contractility by TGF-B2- Contrib. Nephrol II 8:238-248, 1996.

Stea S, Batchelor T, Cooper M, deSouza P, Koenig K, Bolton WK: Disposition and Bioavailability of Ceftazidime after Intraperitoneal Administration in Patients Receiving Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis. Journal of Am Soc Nephrol 7:2399-2402, 1996.

Taylor, C.A., Abdel-Rahman, E., Zimmerman, S.W., Johnson, C.A. Clinical pharmacokinetics during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis [Review]. Clinical Pharmacokinetics 31 (4):294-308, 1996.

Tufro-McReddie A, Gomez RA: Vasculogenesis in metanephric organ culture. JASN 7:1606,1996.

Wilke, R.A., Salisbury, S., Abdel-Rahman, E., Brazy, P.C. Lupus-like autoimmune disease associated with silicosis. Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation 11(9):1835-1838, 1996.

Bolton WK, Luo AM, Fox P, May W and Fox J. Goodpasture's epitope in development of experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis in rats. Kidney Int. 49(2): 327-34, 1996

El-Dahr SS, Harrison-Bemard LM, Gomez RA, Navar GL: Molecular Biology of the Renal System. In. Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology. RA Myers (Ed.). pp 264-274, 1996.

Everett AD, Fisher A, Heller F, Gomez RA: 1996. Angiotensin type I receptor gene regulation in cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 28(8): 1727-36, 1996 Aug.

Robillard JE and Gomez RA. Renal Development and Vasoactive Agents. Pediatric Nephrology. 10:826, 1996.

Chevalier RL; Chung KH; Smith CD; Ficence M; Gomez RA. Renal apoptosis and clusterin following ureteral obstruction: the role of maturation [see comments]. Journal of Urology. 156(4): 1474-9, Oct 1996.

Chevalier RL. Growth factors and apoptosis in neonatal ureteral obstruction.. Journal of The American society of Nephrology. 7(8): 1098-105, Aug 1996.

Chevalier RL; Muchant DG; Thornhill BA; Belmonte DC; Pence RA; Baertschi AJ. Regulation of the renal response to atrial natriuretic peptide by sodium intake in preweaned rats..Pediatric Research. 40(2): 294-9, Aug 1996.

Chevalier RL. Developmental renal physiology of the low birth weight pre-term newborn.. Journal of Urology. 156(2 Pt 2): 714-9, Aug 1996.

Norling LL; Thornhill BA; Chevalier RL. Abnormal glomerular response to atrial natriuretic peptide in rats with aortocaval fistulas..Journal of The American Society of Nephrology. 7(7): 1038-44, Jul 1996

El-Dahr S, Yosipiv IV, Muchant DG, Chevalier, RL: Salt intake modulates the developmental expression of renal kallikrein and bradykinin B2 receptors. American Journal of Physiology. 270 (3 Pt 2): F 425-31, Mar 1996.

Chevalier RL, Fang GD, Garmey M: Extracellular cGMP inhibits transepithelial sodium transport by LLC-PK1 renal tubular cells. American Journal of Physiology. 270 (2 Pt 2): F 283-8, Feb 1996.

Gomez RA, Norwood VF, Tufro-McReddie A: Development of the kidney vasculature. Microscopy Research and Techniques. 39 (3): 254-60, 1997 Nov 1.

Chevalier RL: Time management for the academic clinician. Resident and Staff Physician 43:102-106, 1997.

Hilgers KF, Reddi V, Krege JH, Smithies 0, Gomez RA: Aberrant vascular morphology and renin expression in mutant mice lacking angiotensin - converting enzyme. Hypertension 29: [part 2]:216-221, 1997.

K. T. Beutler, G. K. Park, M. J. Wilkowski. Effect of oral supplementation on nutrition indicators in hemodialysis patients. Journal of Renal Nutrition 7(2):77-82, 1997.

Koenig K and Bolton WK. Clinical Evaluation and Management of Hematuria and Proteinuria, in Immunologic Renal Diseases. ed. Neilson EG and Couser WG. Lippincott-Raven Publishers, Philadelphia, pp. 805-835, 1997.

Lobo PI, Patel HC: Murine anti-CD3 with the IgG2b and some with the IgG1 isotype require activation of their Fc domain to mediate effective human T cell activation. Immunology and Cell Biology, 1997.

Norwood VF, Craig MR, Harris JM, and Gomez RA: Differential expression of angiotensin II receptors during early renal morphogenesis. Am J Physiol 272:R662-668, 1997.

Tufro-McReddie A, Norwood VF, Aylor KW, Botkin SJ, Gomez RA: Hypoxia regulates vascular endothelial growth factor - mediated nephrogenesis and vasculogenesis: Developmental Biology 183:139-149, 1997.

Chevalier RL: Acute renal failure in the neonate. Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation. 8: 260-268, 1997.

Chevalier, RL: Estimating workforce and training requirements for nephrologists through the year 2010: Pediatric perspectives. Invited editorial, J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 8(5): 846-7, 1997 May.

Chevalier, RL, Howards, SS: Renal function in the fetus, neonate and child in Walsh, PC, Vaughan, ED, Retik, AB, and Wein, AJ, eds.: Campbell's Urology, 7th ed., Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 1655-1668, 1997.

Chevalier, RL: The response to nephron loss in early develop-ment. In Polin RA and Fox WW, editors: Neonatal and Fetal Medi-cine: Physiology and Pathophysiology, 2nd ed., Saunders, Phila-delphia, pp 1660-1665, 1997.

Gomez RA, Norwood VF, Tufro-McReddie A: Development of the kidney vasculature. Microscopy Research and Techniques 39(3):254-60, 1997 Nov 1.

Harris MJ, Gomez RA. The renin-angiotensin system genes in kidney development. J Micro Res 39(3):211-21, 1997 Nov 1.

Hilgers KF, Norwood VF and Gomez RA. Angiotensin's role in renal development. Semin Nephrol. 17(5): 492-501, 1997 Sep.

Lobo PI, Spencer CE, Isaacs RB, McCullough C. Hyperacute renal allograft rejection from anti-HLA class-1 antibody to B cells - antibody detection by two color FCXM was possible only after using pronase-digested donor lymphocytes. Transplantation. Int; 10; 69-73, 1997.

Norwood VF, Tufro-McReddie A and Gomez RA. Development of the renin-angiotensin system. In Fetal and Neonatal PhysioloU. edition 2. Edited by R. Polin and W. Fox WB Saunders, 1997.

Yoo KE, Norwood VF, El-Dahr SS, Yosipov I and Chevalier RL. Regulation of angiotensin II AT, and AT2 receptors in neonatal ureteral obstruction. Am J Physiol. 273: R503-R509, 1997.

Okusa MD, Diuretics: Drugs that increase expression of water and electrolytes: In: Human Pharmacology: Molecular to Clinical. 3rd edition. Mosby-Yearbook Inc., St. Louis, MO. 1997.

Okusa MD, L. Huang, A. Momose-Hotokezaka, L.P. Huynh, and A.J. Mangrum. Regulation of adenylyl cyclase in polarized renal epithelial cells by G-protein coupled receptors. Am. J. Physiol. (Renal, Fluid and Electrolyte Physiol.). 273(6 Pt 2): F883-91, 1997.

Harris JM, Gomez RA. Renin-angiotensin system genes in kidney development. Microscopy Research & Technique.39(3): 211-21. 1997 Nov 1.

Yoo KE, Norwood VF, El-Dahr SS, Yosipov I and Chevalier RL. Regulation of angiotensin II AT and AT2 receptors in neonatal ureteral obstruction. [Journal Article] Am J. Physiol 273(2 Pt 2): R503-9, 1997 Aug.

Hilgers KF, Norwood VF and Gomez RA. Angiotension's role in renal development. Semin Nephrol 17: 492-501, 1997.

Lobo PI, Patel HC: Murine anti-CD3 with the IgG2b and some with the IgG1 isotype require activation of their Fc domain to mediate effective human T cell activation. Immunology and Cell Biology, (in press) 1997.

Yoo KH; Wolstenholme JT; Chavalier RL. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition decreases growth factor expression in the neonatal rat kidney..Pediatric Research. 42(5): 588-92, Nov 1997.

Yoo KH, Norwood VF, El-Dahr SS, Yosipiv I, Chevalier RL. Regulation of angiotensen II AT1 and AT2 receptors in neonatal ureteral obstruction. American Journal of Physiology. 273: R503-R509, 1997.

Abdel-Rahman EM, Wakeen M. Zimmerman SW. Characteristics of long-term peritoneal dialysis survivors: 18 years experience in one center. Peritoneal Dialysis International. 17(2): 151-6, 1997 Mar-Apr.

Abdel-Rhaman EM, Moorthy AV. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) in patients with eating disorders. Clinical Nephrology. 47(2):106-11, 1997 Feb.

Gomez RA: The kidney in infants and children. In Primer on Kidney Diseases, 2nd edition. pp. 3883-387. Greenburg A (Ed). Academic Press, San Diego, California, 1998.

Wilkowski MJ, WK Bolton. Crescentic Glomerulonephritis. In: R. J. Glassock (ed): Current Therapy in Nephrology and Hypertension. 4th /edition. Mosby, Inc. pp. 216-219, 1998.

Chevalier, RL, Gomez, RA: Pathophysiology of obstructive uropa-thy. In: Barratt TM, Avner ED, Harmon W, eds., Pediatric Ne-phrology, 4th Ed., Williams and Wilkins. 1998 .

Chevalier RL, Gomez RA: Obstructive uropathy: Pathophysiology. In: Barratt TM, Avner ED (Eds). Pediatric Nephrology, 4th edition.

Chevalier, RL: Prenatal and perinatal nephrology: Compensatory renal growth in Gonzales, ET, and Bauer, SB, eds.: Pediatric Urology Practice, Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia.

Chevalier RL: Nephrologic aspects of urinary tract obstruction. Current Opinion in Urology.

Robillard JE, Gomez, RA: Renal Development and Vasoactive Agents. Pediatric Nephrology.

Gomez RA: El-Dahr SS, Chevalier RL: Vasoactive peptides. In Barratt TM, Avner ED (Eds). Pediatric Nephrology, 4th edition.

Bolton WK: Nephrology nurse practitioners in a collaborative care model. American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 31(5): 786093, 1998 May.

Besarab A, Bolton WK, Browne JK, Egrie JC, Nissenson AR, Okamoto DM, Schwab SJ, Goodkin DA. The effects of normal as compared with low hemocrit values in patients with cardiac disease who are receiving hemodialysis and epoetin. New England Journal of Medicine. 339(9): 584-90, 1998 Aug.

Sacamay TE, Bolton WK: Use of iohexol to quantify hemodialysis delivered and residual renal function: technical note. Kidney International. 54(3): 986-91, 1998 Sept.

Chevalier RL. Pathophysiology of obstructive nephropathy in the newborn. Seminars in Nephrology. 18(6): 585-93, Nov 1998.

Hilgers KF, Nagaraj SK, Karginova EA, Kazakova IG, Chevalier RL, Carey RM, Pentz ES, Gomez RA. Molecular cloning of KS, a novel rat gene expressed exclusively in the kidney. Kidney International. 54(5): 1444-54, Nov 1998.

Chevalier RL, Goyal S, Wolstenholme JT, Thornhill BA. Obstructive nephropathy in the neonatal rat is attenuated by epidermal growth factor. Kidney International. 54(1): 38-47, Jul 1998.

Yoo KH; Thornhill BA; Wolstenholme JT; Chevalier RL; Tissue-specific regulation of growth factors and clusterin by angiotensin II.. American Journal of Hypertension. 11(6 Pt 1): 715-22, Jun 1998.

Chevalier RL. What are normal potassium concentrations in the neonate? What is a reasonable approach to hyperkalemia in the newborn with normal renal function? Seminars in Nephrology. 18(3): 360-1, May 1998.

Louise, CB, Obrig, TG (1995) Specific interaction of E coli O157:H7-derived Shiga like toxin -2 with human renal endothelial cells. J. Infec Dis 172:1397-1401.

Louise, CB, Tran MC, Obrig, TG (1997) Sensitization of human umbilical vein endothelial cells to Shiga toxin: Involvement of protein kinase C and NF kappa B. Infect. Immun. 65:3337-3344.

Obrig, TG (1997) Shiga toxin mode of action in E. coli O157:H7 disease. Frontiers in BioScience 2:636-642 (On-line journal).

Viisorenanu, V, Polanowska-Grabowska, R, Suittitanamongkol, D., Obrig TG, Gear ARL (2000) Human platelet aggregation is not altered by Shiga toxin 1 and 2. Thrombosis Res. (in press).

Kinter M, Wolstenholme JT, Thornhill BA, Newton EA, McCormick ML, Chevalier RL. Unilateral ureteral obstruction impairs renal antioxidant enzyme activation during sodium depletion. Kidney International. 55(4): 1327-34, Apr 1999.

Chevalier RL, Kim A, Thornhill BA, Wolstenholme JT. Recovery following relief of unilateral ureteral obstruction in the neonatal rat. Kidney International. 55(3): 793-807, Mar 1999.

Chevalier RL, Thornhill BA, Wolstenholme JT, Kim A. Unilateral ureteral obstruction on early development alters renal growth: dependence on the duration of obstruction. Journal of Urology. 161(1): 309-13, Jan 1999.

Fern RJ, Yesko CM, Thornhill BA, Kim HS, Smithies O, Chevalier RL. Reduced angiotensinogen expression attenuates renal interstitial fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy in mice. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 103(1): 39-46, Jan 1999.

Okusa MD, Linden J, Macdonald TL, Huang L. Selective A2A adenosine receptor activation during reperfusion protects kidney from ischemia reperfusion injury. Am J. Physiol. (Renal Physiol.) 277: F404-412. 1999

Besarab A, Bolton WK, Nissenson AR, Schwab SJ, Goofkin DA: The Normal Hematocrit Trial in dialysis with cardiac disease. Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation 14 (8): 2043-4, 1999 Aug.

Bolton WK: The crit? American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 33 (6): 1177-9, 1999

Okusa, MD, Linden J, Huang L, Reiger JM, Macdonald TL and Huynh LP. A2A Adenosine receptor mediated inhibition of ischemia reperfusion injury and neutrophil adhesion in rat and mouse kidneys. In press 2000.

Okusa MD, Ellison DH. Diuretics: Physiology and Pathophysiology. In the kidney, 3rd Edition, Donald W. Seldin and Gerhard Giebisch, eds., Raven Press, New York, In press 2000.

Okusa, MD and Ellison DH. Mechanisms of Diuretic Action. In Diseases of the Kidney, RW Schrier ed. Lippincott In Press 2000.

Okusa, MD and Ellison, DH. Diuretics: Physiology and Pathophysiology. In: The Kidney, 3rd edition. Donald W. Seldin and Gerhard Giebisch, eds. Raven Press, New York, NY, in press 2000.

Powers KM, Wilkowski MJ, Hemandollar AW, Koenig KG, Bolton WK: Improved urea reduction ratio and Kt/V in large hemodialysis patients using two dialyzers in parallel. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 35 (2): 266-74, 2000

Okusa MD. Adenosine and Renal injury. Invited Review. In press. Nephron. 2001