Research

List of all research focused on Glutamine and a summary of each paper.

  1. Jensen GL, Miller RH, Talabiska DG, Fish J, Gianferante L.
    A double-blind, prospective, randomized study of glutamine-enriched compared with standard peptide-based feeding in critically ill patients. Am J Clin Nutr. 1996 Oct;64(4):615-21.
    PMID: 8839508
  2. Furst P, Albers S, Stehle P.
    Evidence for a nutritional need for glutamine in catabolic patients.
    Kidney Int Suppl. 1989 Nov;27:S287-92. PMID: 2517677
  3. Byrne TA, Morrissey TB, Nattakom TV, Ziegler TR, Wilmore DW.
    Growth hormone, glutamine, and a modified diet enhance nutrient absorption in patients with severe short bowel syndrome.
    JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1995 Jul-Aug;19(4):296-302.
    PMID: 8523629
  4. Jeevanandam M, Young DH, Ramias L, Schiller WR.
    Aminoaciduria of severe trauma. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989 May;49(5):814-22.
    PMID: 2718916
  5. Hardy PE, et al.
    Glutamine and its effects on the intestine.
    Can J Gastroenterol. 1991;5:94-102
  6. Windmueller HG.
    Glutamine utilization by the small intestine.
    Adv Enzymol Relat Areas Mol Biol. 1982;53:201-37. Review. No abstract available. PMID: 7036679
  7. Newsholme EA, Crabtree B, Ardawi MS.
    Glutamine metabolism in lymphocytes: its biochemical, physiological and clinical importance. Q J Exp Physiol. 1985 Oct;70(4):473-89. 
    PMID: 3909197
  8. Pitts RF.
    RENAL PRODUCTION AND EXCRETION OF AMMONIA.
    Am J Med. 1964 May;36:720-42. PMID: 14144403
  9. Krebs HA.
    Glutamine metabolism in the animal body, in Palacious R, Mora J (eds)
    Glutamine: Metabolism, Enzymology, and Regulation.
    New York:Academic Press Inc, 1980, pp 319-329.
  10. Smith RJ.
    Regulation of protein degradation in differentiated skeletal muscle cells in monolayer culture, in Khairallah, Bond J, Bird JC (eds)
    Intercellular Protein Catabolism. New York:Alan R Liss, 1985, pp 633-635.
  11. Rennie MJ, MacLennan PA, Hundal HS, Weryk B, Smith K, Taylor PM, Egan C, Watt PW.
    Skeletal muscle glutamine transport, intramuscular glutamine concentration, and muscle-protein turnover. Metabolism. 1989 Aug;38(8 Suppl 1):47-51. PMID: 2668703
  12. Smith RJ, Wilmore DW.
    Glutamine nutrition and requirements.
    JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1990 Jul-Aug;14(4 Suppl):94S-99S. PMID: 2119461
  13. Ziegler TR, Benfell K, Smith RJ, Young LS, Brown E, Ferrari-Baliviera E, Lowe DK, Wilmore DW.
    Safety and metabolic effects of L-glutamine administration in humans. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1990 Jul-Aug;14(4 Suppl):137S-146S. PMID: 2119459
  14. Stehle P, Zander J, Mertes N, Albers S, Puchstein C, Lawin P, Furst P.
    Effect of parenteral glutamine peptide supplements on muscle glutamine loss and nitrogen balance after major surgery.
    Lancet. 1989 Feb 4;1(8632):231-3. PMID: 2563409
  15. Hammarqvist F, Wernerman J, Ali R, von der Decken A, Vinnars E.
    Addition of glutamine to total parenteral nutrition after elective abdominal surgery spares free glutamine in muscle, counteracts the fall in muscle protein synthesis, and improves nitrogen balance.
    Ann Surg. 1989 Apr;209(4):455-61. PMID: 2494960
  16. Ziegler TR, et al.
    Clinical and metabolic efficacy of glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition after bone marrow transplantation. A randomized, double-blind, controlled study.
    Ann Intern Med. 1992 May 15;116(10):821-8.
    PMID: 1567096; UI: 92231225
  17. Hadfield RJ, Sinclair DG, Houldsworth PE, Evans TW.
    Effects of enteral and parenteral nutrition on gut mucosal permeability in the critically ill. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995 Nov;152(5 Pt 1):1545-8. PMID: 7582291
  18. van der Hulst RR, van Kreel BK, von Meyenfeldt MF, Brummer RJ, Arends JW, Deutz NE, Soeters PB.
    Glutamine and the preservation of gut integrity.
    Lancet. 1993 May 29;341(8857):1363-5. PMID: 8098788
  19. Buchman AL, Moukarzel AA, Bhuta S, Belle M, Ament ME, Eckhert CD, Hollander D, Gornbein J, Kopple JD, Vijayaroghavan SR.
    Parenteral nutrition is associated with intestinal morphologic and functional changes in humans. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1995 Nov-Dec;19(6):453-60. PMID: 8748359
  20. Li J, Langkamp-Henken B, Suzuki K, Stahlgren LH.
    Glutamine prevents parenteral nutrition-induced increases in intestinal permeability. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1994 Jul-Aug;18(4):303-7. PMID: 7933435
  21. O'Riordain MG, Fearon KC, Ross JA, Rogers P, Falconer JS, Bartolo DC, Garden OJ, Carter DC.
    Glutamine-supplemented total parenteral nutrition enhances T-lymphocyte response in surgical patients undergoing colorectal resection. Ann Surg. 1994 Aug;220(2):212-21. PMID: 8053744
  22. Wallace C, Keast D.
    Glutamine and macrophage function. Metabolism. 1992 Sep;41(9):1016-20.  PMID: 1381459
  23. Ogle CK, Ogle JD, Mao JX, Simon J, Noel JG, Li BG, Alexander JW.
    Effect of glutamine on phagocytosis and bacterial killing by normal and pediatric burn patient neutrophils. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1994 Mar-Apr;18(2):128-33. PMID: 8201747
  24. Calder PC, Yaqoob P.
    Glutamine and the immune system. Amino Acids. 1999;17(3):227-41. Review. PMID: 10582122
  25. Pastores SM, Kvetan V, Katz DP.
    Immunomodulatory effects and therapeutic potential of glutamine in the critically ill surgical patient. Nutrition. 1994 Sep-Oct;10(5):385-91. Review. No abstract available. PMID: 7819649
  26. MacBurney M, Young LS, Ziegler TR, Wilmore DW.
    A cost-evaluation of glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition in adult bone marrow transplant patients. J Am Diet Assoc. 1994 Nov;94(11):1263-6. PMID: 7963169
  27. Parry-Billings M, Baigrie RJ, Lamont PM, Morris PJ, Newsholme EA.
    Effects of major and minor surgery on plasma glutamine and cytokine levels. Arch Surg. 1992 Oct;127(10):1237-40.
    PMID: 1358047
  28. Blomqvist BI, Hammarqvist F, von der Decken A, Wernerman J.
    Glutamine and alpha-ketoglutarate prevent the decrease in muscle free glutamine concentration and influence protein synthesis after total hip replacement. Metabolism. 1995 Sep;44(9):1215-22.
    PMID: 7666798
  29. Houdijk AP, Rijnsburger ER, Jansen J, Wesdorp RI, Weiss JK, McCamish MA, Teerlink T, Meuwissen SG, Haarman HJ, Thijs LG, van Leeuwen PA.
    Randomised trial of glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition on infectious morbidity in patients with multiple trauma.
    Lancet. 1998 Sep 5;352(9130):772-6. PMID: 9737282
  30. Tremel H, Kienle B, Weilemann LS, Stehle P, Furst P.
    Glutamine dipeptide-supplemented parenteral nutrition maintains intestinal function in the critically ill. Gastroenterology. 1994 Dec;107(6):1595-601. PMID: 7958669
  31. Dechelotte P, Darmaun D, Rongier M, Hecketsweiler B, Rigal O, Desjeux JF.
    Absorption and metabolic effects of enterally administered glutamine in humans. Am J Physiol. 1991 May;260(5 Pt 1):G677-82. PMID: 1903599
  32. Hammarqvist F, Wernerman J, von der Decken A, Vinnars E.
    Alanyl-glutamine counteracts the depletion of free glutamine and the postoperative decline in protein synthesis in skeletal muscle.
    Ann Surg. 1990 Nov;212(5):637-44. PMID: 2122821
  33. Jones C, Palmer TE, Griffiths RD.
    Randomized clinical outcome study of critically ill patients given glutamine-supplemented enteral nutrition. Nutrition. 1999 Feb;15(2):108-15. PMID: 9990574
  34. Adibi et al.
    Evidence for greater absorption of amino acids from peptide that from free form in human intestine. Clin Res. 1968;16:446
  35. Mathews DM, Adibi SA.
    Peptide absorption. Gastroenterology. 1976 Jul;71(1):151-61. Review. PMID: 776732
  36. Adibi SA.
    Intestinal transport of dipeptides in man: relative importance of hydrolysis and intact absorption. J Clin Invest. 1971 Nov;50(11):2266-75. PMID: 5096512
  37. Windmueller HG, Spaeth AE.
    Uptake and metabolism of plasma glutamine by the small intestine.
    J Biol Chem. 1974 Aug 25;249(16):5070-9. PMID: 4605420
  38. Windmueller HG, Spaeth AE.
    Intestinal metabolism of glutamine and glutamate from the lumen as compared to glutamine from blood. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1975 Dec;171(2):662-72. PMID: 1200644
  39. Newsholme EA, Parry-Billings M.
    Properties of glutamine release from muscle and its importance for the immune system. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1990 Jul-Aug;14(4 Suppl):63S-67S. PMID: 2205733
  40. Rhoads JM, Keku EO, Bennett LE, Quinn J, Lecce JG.
    Development of L-glutamine-stimulated electroneutral sodium absorption in piglet jejunum.Am J Physiol. 1990 Jul;259(1 Pt 1):G99-107. PMID: 2115304
  41. Lima AA, Soares AM, Freire Junior JE, Guerrant RL.
    Cotransport of sodium with glutamine, alanine and glucose in the isolated rabbit ileal mucosa. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1992;25(6):637-40. PMID: 1342239
  42. Soares AM, Freire Junior JE, Lima AA.
    Mathematical dose-response model for sodium cotransport with glucose and glutamine in the rabbit ileal mucosa. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1992;25(11):1141-4. PMID: 1342595
  43. Duggan C.
    Glutamine-based oral rehydration solutions: the magic bullet revisited? J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1998 May;26(5):533-5.
    PMID: 9586764
  44. Argenzio RA, Rhoads JM, Armstrong M, Gomez G.
    Glutamine stimulates prostaglandin-sensitive Na(+)-H+ exchange in experimental porcine cryptosporidiosis. Gastroenterology. 1994 Jun;106(6):1418-28. PMID: 8194686
  45. Rhoads JM, Keku EO, Quinn J, Woosely J, Lecce JG.
    L-glutamine stimulates jejunal sodium and chloride absorption in pig rotavirus enteritis. Gastroenterology. 1991 Mar;100(3):683-91.
    PMID: 1847119
  46. Nath SK, Dechelotte P, Darmaun D, Gotteland M, Rongier M, Desjeux JF.
    [15N]- and [14C]glutamine fluxes across rabbit ileum in experimental bacterial diarrhea. Am J Physiol. 1992 Feb;262(2 Pt 1):G312-8. PMID: 1539662
  47. Ribeiro Junior H, Ribeiro T, Mattos A, Palmeira C, Fernandez D, Sant'Ana I, Rodrigues I, Bendicho MT, Fontaine O.
    Treatment of acute diarrhea with oral rehydration solutions containing glutamine. J Am Coll Nutr. 1994 Jun;13(3):251-5.
    PMID: 8077573
  48. Shabert JK, Winslow C, Lacey JM, Wilmore DW.
    Glutamine-antioxidant supplementation increases body cell mass in AIDS patients with weight loss: a randomized, double-blind controlled trial. Nutrition. 1999 Nov-Dec;15(11-12):860-4.
    PMID: 10575661
  49. Carneiro-Filho BA, Bushen OY, Brito GA, Lima AA, Guerrant RL.
    Glutamine Analogues As Adjunctive Therapy for Infectious Diarrhea. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2003 Apr;5(2):114-119.
    PMID: 12641996
  50. Lynch DR, Guttmann RP.
    Excitotoxicity: perspectives based on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtypes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Mar;300(3):717-23. PMID: 11861773
  51. Zhang W, Bain A, Rombeau JL.
    Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and glutamine improve structure and function in the small bowel allograft. J Surg Res. 1995 Jul;59(1):6-12. PMID: 7630138
  52. Ziegler TR, Mantell MP, Chow JC, Rombeau JL, Smith RJ.
    Gut adaptation and the insulin-like growth factor system: regulation by glutamine and IGF-I administration. Am J Physiol. 1996 Nov;271(5 Pt 1):G866-75. PMID: 8944702
  53. Lima AA, Brito LF, Ribeiro HB, Martins MC, Lustosa AP, Rocha EM, Lima NL, Monte CM, Guerrant RL.                           Intestinal barrier function and weight gain in malnourished children taking glutamine supplemented enteral formula. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2005 Jan;40(1):28-35. PMID: 15625423
  54. Oria RB, Patrick PD, Zhang H, Lorntz B, de Castro Costa CM, Brito GA, Barrett LJ, Lima AA, Guerrant RL.                       APOE4 protects the cognitive development in children with heavy diarrhea burdens in Northeast Brazil. Pediatr Res. 2005 Feb;57(2):310-6. Epub 2004 Dec 20. PMID: 15611352
  55. Carneiro-Filho BA, Oria RB, Wood Rea K, Brito GA, Fujii J, Obrig T, Lima AA, Guerrant RL.                                           Alanyl-glutamine hastens morphologic recovery from 5-fluorouracil-induced mucositis in mice. Nutrition. 2004 Oct;20(10):934-41.  PMID: 15474885
  56. Bushen OY, Davenport JA, Lima AB, Piscitelli SC, Uzgiris AJ, Silva TM, Leite R, Kosek M, Dillingham RA, Girao A, Lima AA, Guerrant RL.                                                                      Diarrhea and reduced levels of antiretroviral drugs: improvement with glutamine or alanyl-glutamine in a randomized controlled trial in northeast Brazil. Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Jun 15;38(12):1764-70. PMID: 15227625
  57. Lima AA, Guerrant RL.                                                     Strategies to reduce the devastating costs of early childhood diarrhea and its potential long-term impact: imperatives that we can no longer afford to ignore. Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Jun 1;38(11):1552-4. PMID: 15156441
  58. Dillingham R, Guerrant RL.                                              Childhood stunting: measuring and stemming the staggering costs of inadequate water and sanitation. Lancet. 2004 Jan 10;363(9403):94-5. PMID: 14726158
  59. Brantley RK, Williams KR, Silva TM, Sistrom M, Thielman NM, Ward H, Lima AA, Guerrant RL.                                           AIDS-associated diarrhea and wasting in Northeast Brazil is associated with subtherapeutic plasma levels of antiretroviral medications and with both bovine and human subtypes of Cryptosporidium parvum. Braz J Infect Dis. 2003 Feb;7(1):16-22. PMID: 12807688
  60. Carneiro-Filho BA, Bushen OY, Brito GA, Lima AA, Guerrant RL.                                                                                  Glutamine Analogues As Adjunctive Therapy for Infectious Diarrhea. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2003 Apr;5(2):114-119. PMID: 12641996
  61. Niehaus MD, Moore SR, Patrick PD, Derr LL, Lorntz B, Lima AA, Guerrant RL.                                                                       Early childhood diarrhea is associated with diminished cognitive function 4 to 7 years later in children in a northeast Brazilian shantytown. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2002 May;66(5):590-3. PMID: 12201596
  62. Lima AA, Carvalho GH, Figueiredo AA, Gifoni AR, Soares AM, Silva EA, Guerrant RL.                                                             Effects of an alanyl-glutamine-based oral rehydration and nutrition therapy solution on electrolyte and water absorption in a rat model of secretory diarrhea induced by cholera toxin. Nutrition. 2002 Jun;18(6):458-62. PMID: 12044816
  63. Blikslager A, Hunt E, Guerrant R, Rhoads M, ArgenzioR. Glutamine transporter in crypts compensates for loss of villus absorption in bovine cryptosporidiosis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2001 Sep;281(3):G645-53.  PMID: 11518676
  64. Moore SR, Lima AA, Conaway MR, Schorling JB, Soares AM, Guerrant RL.                                                                           Early childhood diarrhoea and helminthiases associate with long-term linear growth faltering. Int J Epidemiol. 2001 Dec;30(6):1457-64. PMID: 11821364
  65. Moling O, Avi A, Rimenti G, Mian P.                                    Glutamine supplementation for patients with severe cryptosporidiosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2005 Mar 1;40(5):773-4. PMID: 15714436